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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079701X-2021-11-78-86</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6294</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АЛЛЕРГОЛОГИЯ И ИММУНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ALLERGOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возрастная эволюция бронхиальной астмы в педиатрической практике и подходы  к улучшению прогноза заболевания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Age-related evolution of bronchial asthma  in pediatric practice and approaches  to improving prognosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9654-3429</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камаев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamaev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Камаев Андрей Вячеславович - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, кафедра общей врачебной практики (семейной медицины).</p><p>197022, Санкт- Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Kamaev, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of General Medical Practice (Family Medicine).</p><p>6–8, Lev Tolstoy St., St Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andykkam@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0854-1536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трусова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trusova</surname><given-names>О. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трусова Ольга Валерьевна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, кафедра госпитальной терапии с курсом аллергологии и иммунологии имени академика Черноруцкого с клиникой.</p><p>197022, Санкт- Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Оlga V. Trusova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Hospital Therapy with the Course of Allergology and Immunology named after Academician Chernorutsky.</p><p>6–8, Lev Tolstoy St., St Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o-tru@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камаева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamaeva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Камаева Ирина Александровна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, кафедра общей врачебной практики (семейной медицины).</p><p>197022, Санкт- Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina А. Kamaeva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of General Medical Practice (Family Medicine).</p><p>6–8, Lev Tolstoy St., St Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kkami@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт- Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Камаев А.В., Трусова О.В., Камаева И.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Камаев А.В., Трусова О.В., Камаева И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kamaev A.V., Trusova О.V., Kamaeva I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6294">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6294</self-uri><abstract><p>Основной группой высокого риска постановки диагноза «бронхиальная астма» (БА) являются дети с рецидивирующими обструктивными бронхитами, осложненной формой широко распространенных острых респираторных вирусных инфекций. Базисная терапия БА направлена на подавление воспаления бронхиальной стенки. Кроме ингаляционных глюкокортикостероидов доказанным противовоспалительным действием обладает и антилейкотриеновый препарат монтелукаст. В статье обсуждаются опубликованные работы по влиянию монтелукаста на биомаркеры воспаления в реальной клинической практике и ремоделирование бронхиальной стенки в эксперименте. Приведены сравнительные исследования клинической эффективности антилейкотриенового препарата и ингаляционных глюкокортикостероидов у пациентов разных возрастных групп и фенотипов астмы. Обсуждено использование монтелукаста у детей группы высокого риска формирования БА, по показанию аллергический ринит. Представлены актуальные сведения о риске психиатрических нежелательных явлений на фоне применения антилейкотриенового препарата. Литературный обзор проиллюстрирован собственным наблюдением: на базе диспансерной группы городского аллергокабинета Детской городской поликлиники №44 Санкт- Петербурга в 2018 г. сформирована когорта из 127 пациентов, проведено проспективное наблюдение, которое продолжалось 2 года. Критериями включения были: возраст от 5 лет до 5 лет 11 месяцев (5 ± 0,5 года) и установленный диагноз легкой формы БА. За пациентами на протяжении 2 лет велись наблюдения с оценкой смены базисной терапии, контроля над заболеванием и функциональных показателей, достигнутых на терапии оригинальным препаратом монтелукаста. Приведенное наблюдение показало высокую клиническую эффективность монотерапии БА монтелукастом в группе пациентов дошкольного возраста, что выражалось значительной долей пациентов, не испытывавших обострений БА на протяжении года, высоким баллом по опроснику- тесту по контролю над астмой (Asthma Control Test), статистически не значимым приростом объема формированного выдоха за 1 с после бронхолитика. На сегодняшний день монтелукаст является безопасным, эффективным и широко назначаемым компонентом терапевтической схемы у пациентов с разной степенью тяжести бронхиальной астмы в возрасте старше 2 лет.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The main high-risk group for a diagnosis of bronchial asthma (BA) are children with recurrent obstructive bronchitis, complicated by a widespread form of acute respiratory viral infections. Basic therapy of BA is aimed at suppressing inflammation of the bronchial wall. In addition to inhaled glucocorticosteroids, the antileukotriene drug montelukast has a proven anti-inflammatory effect. This article discusses published work on the effect of montelukast on inflammation biomarkers in real clinical practice and remodeling of the bronchial wall in the experiment. A comparative study of the clinical efficacy of an antileukotriene drug and inhaled glucocorticosteroids in patients of different age groups and asthma phenotypes is presented. The use of montelukast in children at high risk of developing BA, with an indication for allergic rhinitis, is discussed. Presented current information on the risk of psychiatric AE against the background of using an antileukotriene drug. Literature review is illustrated by our own observation: a cohort of 127 patients was formed on the basis of the dispensary group of the City Allergy Cabinet of the Children’s City Polyclinic No. 44 in St. Petersburg in 2018, a prospective observation was conducted, which lasted 2 years. The inclusion criteria were age of 5 years to 5 years 11 months (5 ± 0.5 years) and an established diagnosis of mild BA. The patients were followed up for 2 years with evaluation of the change of basic therapy, control of the disease and functional indices achieved with therapy with the original drug montelukast. This observation showed high clinical efficacy of montelukast monotherapy in the group of preschool-age patients, which was expressed by a significant proportion of patients who had no exacerbations of BA for a year, a high score on the Asthma Control Test, statistically insignificant increase in forсed expiratory volume in 1 second after bronchodilator. Today Montelukast is a safe, effective and widely prescribed component of therapeutic regimen in patients with varying degrees of severity of bronchial asthma over the age of 2 years.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>монтелукаст</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>montelukast</kwd><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чучалин А.Г., Авдеев С.Н., Айсанов З.Р., Белевский А.С., Васильева О.С., Геппе Н.А. и др. Бронхиальная астма: федеральные клинические рекомендации. Режим доступа: https://spulmo.ru/download/asthma2018.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chuchalin A.G., Avdeev S.N., Aysanov Z.R., Belevskiy A.S., Vasileva O.S., Geppe N.A. et al. 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