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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2021-15-104-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6436</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ БИЛИАРНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ И ПЕЧЕНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISEASES OF THE BILIARY SYSTEM AND LIVER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Печеночная энцефалопатия: вопросы, актуальные для клинической практики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hepatic encephalopathy: issues relevant to clinical practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маевская</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maevskaya</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119991,  Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of Chair for Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sklifosovsky Clinical Medicine Institute</p><p>1, Bldg. 1, Pogodinskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mvmaevskaya@me.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>15</issue><fpage>104</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маевская М.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маевская М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maevskaya M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6436">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6436</self-uri><abstract><p>Печеночная энцефалопатия (ПЭ) остается одним из наиболее серьезных осложнений цирроза печени. Разнообразие ее клинических проявлений создает определенные сложности в  оптимальной диагностике прямо у  постели больного и  выборе терапии. В обзоре представлены новые знания и положения последних лет по вопросу клинической работы с пациентами, страдающими ПЭ на фоне цирроза печени. В клинической практике у пациентов с подозрением на явную, клинически выраженную ПЭ нормальная концентрация аммиака может быть использована для исключения данного диагноза. Напротив, высокая концентрация аммиака в отсутствие клинических признаков ПЭ не должна служить критерием данного диагноза и руководством для назначения лечения. Отдельный вопрос для обсуждения – скрытая ПЭ. Самый простой и доступный тест для скрининга скрытой ПЭ и оценки эффективности терапии, который может выполнить как врач, так и человек, ухаживающий за пациентом, – это тест на клички животных. Пациенты со скрытой ПЭ нуждаются в лечении, которое аналогично по своим подходам явной ПЭ. Диагностика явной ПЭ и методы ее терапии четко разработаны. Согласно российским рекомендациям, в зависимости от особенностей течения заболевания у конкретного пациента в качестве препаратов первой линии могут быть использованы лактулоза, рифаксимин, L-орнитин-L-аспартат, что применимо к лечению как явной, так и скрытой ПЭ. Основные дискутируемые вопросы по ведению ПЭ при циррозе печени касаются диагностической роли аммиака, оптимальной диагностики и стратегии терапии скрытой ПЭ, терапии выбора как для явной, так и скрытой ПЭ. По всем этим вопросам существуют мнения экспертов и  согласительные документы. Лечение явной и  скрытой ПЭ проводится по  одинаковым принципам. Препараты выбора: лактулоза, рифаксимин и L-орнитин-L-аспартат.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) remains one of the most serious complications of liver cirrhosis. Its clinical spectrum sometimes creates difficulties in the optimal diagnosis at the patient’s bedside and treatment. To present new data on the field of clinical management of cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. The role of ammonia in the diagnosis of HE is still under discussion. In clinical practice, in patients with suspected overt HE, normal ammonia concentration can be used to exclude this diagnosis. In contrast, a high concentration of ammonia in the absence of clinical signs of HE should not serve as a criterion for this diagnosis and as a guide for treatment. A separate issue for discussion is the covert HE. The simplest and most affordable test for screening for covert HE and evaluating the effectiveness of therapy is the animal naming test, which can be done on bedside by physician or caregivers. Patients with covert HE need treatment that is similar in approach to overt HE. The diagnosis of overt HE and the methods of its therapy are well known. According to Russian recommendations, depending on the disease course in a certain patient, lactulose, rifaximin, L-ornithine L-aspartate can be used as first-line drugs, which is applicable to the treatment of both overt and latent PE. The main issues on the management of HE in liver cirrhosis relate to the diagnostic role of ammonia, optimal diagnosis and treatment strategy for covert HE, therapy of choice for both overt and latent HE. There are expert opinions and consensus documents on all these issues. Treatment of overt and latent PE is carried out according to the same principles. Drugs of choice: lactulose, rifaximin and L-Ornithine L-Aspartate.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>печеночная энцефалопатия</kwd><kwd>нерешенные вопросы</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>концентрация аммиака</kwd><kwd>тест на клички животных</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>препараты выбора</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatic encephalopathy</kwd><kwd>unresolved issues</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>ammonia concentration</kwd><kwd>animal naming test</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>drugs of choice</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vilstrup H., Amodio P., Bajaj J., Cordoba J., Ferenci P., Mullen K.D. et al. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver. 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