References

medsovet

Медицинский Совет

Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council

2079-701X2658-5790

REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.

10.21518/2079-701X-2021-16-100-108

medsovet-6468

Research Article

COVID-19

Грипп в эпоху COVID-19: принципы современной фармакотерапии

Influenza in the COVID-19 era: principles of modern pharmacotherapy

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6528-1585

Лазарева

Н. Б.

Lazareva

N. B.

Лазарева Наталья Борисовна, д.м.н., профессор кафедры клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезней

119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2

Natalia B. Lazareva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Propedeutics of Internal Diseases

8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russia

natalia.lazareva@gmail.com

Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияSechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian Federation

2021

30102021

016100108

2021

Лазарева Н.Б.

Lazareva N.B.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6468

Грипп является одним из наиболее распространенных инфекционных заболеваний, представляющих значимую проблему для общественного здоровья. Ежегодно вирус гриппа вызывает 3–5 млн случаев тяжелого течения болезни, миллионы госпитализаций и до 650 тыс. случаев летальных исходов. По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ), в эпидемическом сезоне 2020–2021 прогнозируется циркуляция четырех новых штаммов гриппа, которые относятся к штаммам гриппа А и В: A/Guangdong-Maonan/SWL1536/2019 (H1N1) pdm09, A/Hong Kong/2671/2019 (H3N2), B/Washington/02/2019 (Викторианская линия), B/Phuket/3073/2013 (Ямагатская линия). В связи с этим особую актуальность приобретает проблема назначения рациональной этиотропной противовирусной терапии. COVID-19 наряду с гриппом относится к группе респираторных вирусных инфекций, тем не менее существуют важные различия с точки зрения вирусных возбудителей и их распространения. COVID-19 может протекать в более тяжелой форме, приводить к осложнениям и даже к летальному исходу в 3–4% случаев. К важным различиям можно отнести темпы передачи инфекции. Средняя продолжительность инкубационного периода и время генерации (время между заражением одного человека и заражением другого) при гриппе меньше. По оценкам время генерации при COVID-19 составляет 5–6 дней, тогда как при гриппе – 3 дня. Согласно последним данным, репродуктивное число, т. е. количество лиц, которых может заразить один больной, при COVID-19 находится в диапазоне от 2 до 2,5, что выше, чем при гриппе. Точно назвать тип возбудителя и установить отличие коронавируса от гриппа и других ОРВИ поможет только лабораторный тест. Ингибиторы нейраминидазы в настоящее время являются препаратами первой линии и рекомендованы ВОЗ для лечения и профилактики гриппа.

Influenza is one of the most common infectious diseases and a significant public health problem. Every year, the influenza virus causes 3–5 million severe cases, millions hospitalizations and approximately 650,000 deaths. According to WHO four new influenza strains are projected to circulate in the 2020–2021 epidemic season. Influenza A and B strains are: A/Guangdong-Maonan/ SWL1536/2019 (H1N1) pdm09, A/Hong Kong/2671/2019 (H3N2), B/Washington/02/2019 (Victoria lineage), B/ Phuket/3073/2013 (Yamagata lineage). In this context, the problem of prescribing rational antiviral therapy is particularly importance. COVID-19, along with influenza, is a group of respiratory viral infections, but important differences exist in terms of viral agents and the spread of infection. Important differences include the rate of transmission. The average incubation period and generation time (the time between infecting one person and infecting another) for influenza are shorter. COVID-19 may be more severe, causing complications and deaths in 3–4% of cases. The estimated generation time for COVID 19 is 5-6 days, while for influenza it is 3 days. According to the latest data, the reproductive number, i.e., the number of people who can be infected by one patient, is in the range of 2 to 2.5 in COVID 19, which is higher than in influenza. Only a laboratory test can accurately identify the type of pathogen and distinguish it from influenza and other respiratory viruses. Neuraminidase inhibitors are currently first-line drugs recommended by WHO for the treatment and prevention of influenza.

гриппингибиторы нейраминидазыосельтамивиррезистентностьCOVID-19

influenzaneuraminidase inhibitorsoseltamivirresistanceCOVID-19

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.