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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2021-17-111-120</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6492</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БРОНХОПУЛЬМОНОЛОГИЯ, ОТОРИНОЛАРИНГОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BRONCHOPULMONOLOGY, OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунопрофилактика гриппа, острых и рекуррентных респираторных инфекций в период пандемии COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunoprophylaxis of influenza, acute and recurrent respiratory infections during the COVID-19 pandemic</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5281-1564</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гирина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Girina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гирина Асия Ахмедовна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры фармакологии, клинической фармакологии, педиатрии с курсом иммунологии и аллергологии.</p><p>628011, Ханты-Мансийск, ул. Мира, д. 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Asiya А. Girina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology, Pediatrics with a course in Immunology and Allergology.</p><p>40, Mira St., Khanty-Mansiysk, 628011</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctor_okb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1303-8318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заплатников</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaplatnikov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заплатников Андрей Леонидович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующей кафедрой неонатологии имени проф. В.В. Гаврюшова, профессор кафедры педиатрии имени акад. Г.Н. Сперанского, проректор по учебной работе.</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey L. Zaplatnikov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Neonatology named after Prof. V.V. Gavryushov, Professor of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky, Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs.</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zaplatnikov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2518-6801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурцева</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burtseva</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурцева Елена Ивановна - доктор медицинских наук, заведующая лабораторией этиологии и эпидемиологии, Институт вирусологии имени Д.И. Ивановского.</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Burtseva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology.</p><p>16, Gamalea St., Moscow, 123098</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena-burtseva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9272-2339</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свинцицкая</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svintsitskaya</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свинцицкая Виктория Иосифорна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры педиатрии имени акад. Г.Н. Сперанского.</p><p>125993; Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria I. Svintsitskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky.</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vishul@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2700-2607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майкова</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maykova</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Майкова Ирина Дмитриевна, кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по лечебной работе.</p><p>125373, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina D. Maykova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Chief Physician for Medical Work.</p><p>28, Geroev Panfilovtsev St., Moscow, 125373</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">OsmanovIM@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3278-4797</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубовец</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubovets</surname><given-names>N. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дубовец Наталия Федоровна - заведующая приемным отделением.</p><p>125373, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia F. Dubovets, Head of the Reception Department.</p><p>28, Geroev Panfilovtsev St., Moscow, 125373</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">skorpionka_n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Короид</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koroid</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Короид Наталья Викторовна - заведующая инфекционным отделением № 3.</p><p>125373, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Koroid, Head of Infectious Diseases Department No. 3.</p><p>28, Geroev Panfilovtsev St., Moscow, 125373</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korokos@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8989-6103</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леписева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lepiseva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Леписева Инга Владимировна - главный врач.</p><p>185000, Петрозаводск, ул. Парковая, д. 58</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inga V. Lepiseva, d'lief Мedical Officer.</p><p>58 Parkovaya str., Petrozavodsk, 185000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drb@zdrav10.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9715-3027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Восканян</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voskanyan</surname><given-names>A. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Восканян Анаит Эдуардовна, ординатор кафедры педиатрии имени акад. Г.Н. Сперанского.</p><p>125993; Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anait E. Voskanyan, Resident of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky.</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tianait@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4865-1956</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачева</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkacheva</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ткачева Дарья Николаевна, ординатор кафедры педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского.</p><p>125993; Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria N. Tkacheva, Resident of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky.</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9322-6273</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панова Анна Дмитриевна - младший научный сотрудник лаборатории этиологии и эпидемиологии гриппа, Институт вирусологии имени Д.И. Ивановского.</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna D. Panova, Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Influenza, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology.</p><p>16, Gamalea St., Moscow, 123098</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ainushgnomello@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-7264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моторный</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Motorny</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Моторный Сергей Анатольевич - врач-эпидемиолог.</p><p>628011, Ханты-Мансийск, ул. Гагарина, д. 106, корп. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Motorny, Epidemiologist.</p><p>106, Bldg. 2, Gagarin St., Khanty-Mansiysk, 628011</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smotornyi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ханты-Мансийская государственная медицинская академия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт вирусологии им. Д.И. Ивановского, Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Division of Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детская городская клиническая больница имени З.А. Башляевой</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashlyaeva City Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детская республиканская больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Children’s Republican Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр профилактики и борьбы со СПИД</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>17</issue><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гирина А.А., Заплатников А.Л., Бурцева Е.И., Свинцицкая В.И., Майкова И.Д., Дубовец Н.Ф., Короид Н.В., Леписева И.В., Восканян А.Э., Ткачева Д.Н., Панова А.Д., Моторный С.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гирина А.А., Заплатников А.Л., Бурцева Е.И., Свинцицкая В.И., Майкова И.Д., Дубовец Н.Ф., Короид Н.В., Леписева И.В., Восканян А.Э., Ткачева Д.Н., Панова А.Д., Моторный С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Girina A.A., Zaplatnikov A.L., Burtseva E.I., Svintsitskaya V.I., Maykova I.D., Dubovets N.F., Koroid N.V., Lepiseva I.V., Voskanyan A.Е., Tkacheva D.N., Panova A.D., Motorny S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6492">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6492</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье отмечены особенности прошедшего эпидемического сезона (2020-2021 гг.) в виде крайне низкой активности вирусов гриппа при сохраняющемся доминировании SARS-CoV-2 в этиологической структуре острых респираторных вирусных инфекций. Представлены собственные данные, свидетельствующие о гетерогенности SARS-CoV-2 (Alpha, Delta, B.1.1.317, B.1.1.397, B.1.1.523), выделенных от госпитализированных пациентов в г. Москве. Установлено возрастание этиологической роли бокавируса, альфа-коронавирусов и метапневмовируса при уменьшении частоты выделения вирусов парагриппа, аденовирусов, риновирусов и респираторно-синцитиального вируса. Отмечено необычное смещение периода максимальной активности респираторно-синцитиального вируса на 20-ю нед. 2021 г. Акцентировано внимание на необходимости в период продолжающейся пандемии COVID-19 проводить в полном объеме работу по иммунизации детей в рамках Национального календаря прививок, также подчеркнута роль обязательной ежегодной вакцинации против гриппа. Отмечено, что максимальный защитный эффект иммунопрофилактики гриппа острых и рекуррентных респираторных инфекций может достигаться при комбинации вакцинации с бактериальными лизатами. Представлен обзор литературы и собственные данные, свидетельствующие о безопасности, хорошей переносимости и высокой клинико-иммунологической эффективности поливалентного механического бактериального лизата по предупреждению острых и рекуррентных респираторных инфекций у детей. Показано, что применение поливалентного механического бактериального лизата в предвакцинальный период позволяет существенно сократить частоту интеркуррентных инфекций, что уменьшает число временных медицинских отводов и увеличивает охват прививками против гриппа в организованном коллективе до 85,1%. Обсуждается роль тренированного иммунитета в качестве одного из возможных механизмов, обеспечивающих неспецифическую иммунопрофилактику при противогриппозной вакцинации и использовании бактериальных лизатов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article notes features of the last epidemic season (2020-2021) in the form of extremely low activity of influenza viruses with SARS-CoV-2 remaining dominant in the etiological structure of acute respiratory viral infections. Presented own data indicating the heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 (Alpha, Delta, B.1.1.317, B.1.1.397, B.1.1.523) isolated from hospitalized patients was noted. An increase in the etiological role of bocavirus, alpha-coronavirus and metapneumovirus with a decrease in the frequency of parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses and respiratory syncytial virus was established. An unusual shift of the period of maximum activity of respiratory syncytial virus to the 20th week was noted. Attention is paid to the need during the ongoing pandemic COVID-19 to fully immunize children as part of the National Immunization Calendar, also emphasized the role of mandatory annual vaccination against influenza. It is noted that the maximum protective effect of immunoprophylaxis of influenza acute and recurrent respiratory infections can be achieved with a combination of vaccination with bacterial lysates. The article presents a review of the literature and our data demonstrating the safety, good tolerability, and high clinical and immunological efficiency of polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate for the prevention of acute and recurrent respiratory infections in children. It is shown that the use of polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate during the prevaccination period makes it possible to substantially reduce the frequency of intercurrent infections, which reduces the number of temporary medical withdrawals and increases the coverage of vaccinations against influenza in organized groups to 85.1%. The role of trained immunity as one of the possible mechanisms providing nonspecific immunoprophylaxis during influenza vaccination and the use of bacterial lysates is discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вакцинация</kwd><kwd>грипп</kwd><kwd>неспецифическая иммунопрофилактика</kwd><kwd>новая коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>поливалентный механический бактериальный лизат</kwd><kwd>тренированный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vaccination</kwd><kwd>influenza</kwd><kwd>non-specific immunoprophylaxis</kwd><kwd>novel coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate</kwd><kwd>trained immunity</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брико Н.И., Миндлина А.Я., Галина Н.П., Коршунов ВА., Полибин Р.В. 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