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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2021-17-175-181</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6499</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GASTROENTEROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование козьего молока в питании детей раннего возраста (клинические примеры)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and echographic signs of acute kidney injury in premature babies born with very low and extremely low body weight</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Ирина Николаевна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского.</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Zakharova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honoured Doctor of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Pediatrics named after G.N. Speransky.</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2861-5619</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сугян</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sugian</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сугян Нарине Григорьевна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского.</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Narine G. Sugian, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the Department of Pediatrics named after G.N. Speransky.</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">narine6969@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>17</issue><fpage>175</fpage><lpage>181</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захарова И.Н., Сугян Н.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захарова И.Н., Сугян Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharova I.N., Sugian N.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6499">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6499</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы широко обсуждается значение козьего молока в питании младенца, а также влияние т. н. А2 на физическое и психическое здоровье ребенка. Единственное отличие между р-казеинами А1 и А2 коровьего молока, каждый из которых состоит из 209 аминокислот, в разнице аминокислоты в 67-м положении. В р-казеине А1 в 67-м положении находится аминокислота гистидин, а в β-казеине молока А2 - пролин. В результате этого отличия в одной аминокислоте из β-казеина А1 под действием пептидаз образуются β-казоморфины - вещества, обладающие опиоидной активностью. Есть данные о том, что молочный белок β-казеин A1 и его производное р-казоморфин-7 (БКМ-7) являются доминирующими триггерными факторами развития диабета 1-го типа у людей с наследственной предрасположенностью. В настоящее время β-казоморфин-7 рассматривается в качестве возможной причины развития синдрома внезапной детской смерти. Высказывается предположение о вероятном влиянии p-казоморфина на созревание различных систем организма новорожденного, в т. ч. на центральную нервную систему, и, следовательно, на темпы психомоторного развития. Показано, что p-казоморфины, являясь антагонистами серото-ниновых и агонистами опиоидных рецепторов, могут при повышенных концентрациях влиять на опиоидную и серо-тониновую системы и в ряде случаев приводить к развитию расстройств аутистического спектра. Альтернативу коровьему молоку могут составлять молоко и молочные продукты, получаемые от коз или овец, поскольку в этих видах молока нет А1- β-казеина. Приведены клинические примеры: с нарушением режима питания; с функциональным нарушением желудочно-кишечного тракта; с функциональным нарушением желудочно-кишечного тракта: синдромом срыгивания и антибиотико-ассоциированной диареей. Продемонстрирована роль включения смеси на основе козьего молока в данных случаях. Смеси на основе козьего молока соответствуют всем стандартам, принятым для детских молочных смесей. Благодаря преимуществам козьего молока и особому запатентованному комплексу DigestX, смесь является продуктом функционального питания, отличающимся высоким содержанием р-пальмитата, что способствует улучшению энергообмена, пищеварению, формированию мягкого стула, снижая вероятность развития запоров у младенцев. Пребиотики в ее составе - олигосахариды: ГОС и ФОС благотворно влияют на формирование микробиоты, снижая частоту развития младенческих колик.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. One of the urgent issues in the first stage of nursing premature infants is acute kidney injury. The incidence of neonatal acute kidney injury in developing countries is 3.9/1000 live births, with 34.5/1000 among neonatal intensive care patients.</p><p>The aim of the study was to establish echographic signs of acute kidney injury in deeply premature infants in the neonatal period.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. 24 children with clinical and laboratory signs of acute kidney injury “AKI+” and 76 children without signs of acute kidney injury “AKI-“. All the children included in the study were born with a body weight of less than 1500 g and a gestation period of less than 32 weeks and were in the neonatal intensive care unit. To clarify the nature of the detected changes, a scientific analysis of the results of pathoanatomic studies of 55 deceased preterm infants was carried out.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In all children from the “AKI+” group, there was a pronounced diffuse-uneven increase in the echogenicity of the parenchyma, there was a depletion of the vascular pattern in the subcapsular zone and/or in the cortical layer of the parenchyma, in 25% of patients on the 5th-15th day of life, anechogenic formations without signs of blood flow, with a diameter of 1-3 mm in the cortical layer were noted. The changes had a bilateral nature of the lesion, with further observation they were gradually reduced and by 3 ± 2 months of life they were not determined during ultrasound of the kidneys.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. Acute kidney injury is an urgent problem of preterm infants born with very low and extremely low body weight. The article presents the results of ultrasound examination of the kidneys in comparison with clinical and laboratory indicators and the results of pathomorphological studies. As a result of the study, the most characteristic ultrasound signs of acute kidney injury were identified, which are an uneven diffuse increase in the echogenicity of the renal parenchyma, small anechoic avascular inclusions (cysts) of the parenchyma, depletion of renal blood flow.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Renal ultrasonography is an informative method, but echographic changes may be labile depending on the clinical course of the disease, and the absence of anechogenic masses in the parenchyma may be due to technical limitations of the ultrasonography method. It requires further monitoring and continued vigilance of the pediatrician and pediatric nephrologist.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>β-казоморфины</kwd><kwd>опиоидные рецепторы</kwd><kwd>центральная нервная система</kwd><kwd>психомоторное развитие</kwd><kwd>аутизм</kwd><kwd>функциональное нарушение ЖКТ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>premature infants</kwd><kwd>acute kidney injury</kwd><kwd>echographic signs</kwd><kwd>dysplasia</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boutrou R., Gaudichon C., Dupont D., Jardin J.,Airinei G., Marsset-Baglieri A. et al. Sequential release of milk protein-derived bioactive peptides-in the jejunum in healthy humans. 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