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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2021-17-182-190</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6500</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕФРОЛОГИЯ / УРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEPHROLOGY / UROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-эхографические признаки  острого повреждения почек у детей, родившихся с очень низкой и экстремально низкой массой тела</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and echographic signs of acute kidney injury in premature babies born with very low and extremely low body weight</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7864-5090</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронова</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironova</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миронова Алена Константиновна -  кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая Центром восстановительного лечения детей до 3 лет, ДГКБ имени З.А. Башляевой; ассистент кафедры лучевой диагностики детского возраста, РМАНПО.</p><p>125373, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28; 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alyona K. Mironova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Center for Restorative Treatment of Children under 3 years of age, Bashlyaeva City Children's CH; Assistant Professor of the Department of Pediatric Radiological Diagnostics, RMACPE.</p><p>28, Geroev Panfilovtsev St., Moscow, 125373; 2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr_mironova1985@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3181-9601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Османов</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osmanov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Османов Исмаил Магомедович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры госпитальной педиатрии имени академика В.А. Таболина, РНИМУ имени Н.И. Пирогова; главный врач, ДГКБ имени З.А. Башляевой;</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1; 125373, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ismail M. Osmanov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics named after Academician V.A. Tabolin Pirogov RNRMU; Chief Physician, BCCCH.</p><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117997;  28, Geroev Panfilovtsev St., Moscow, 125373</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">osmanovim@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Ирина Николаевна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского.</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Zakharova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky.</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zakharovarmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3731-6263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пыков</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pykov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пыков Михаил Иванович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой лучевой диагностики детского возраста.</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail I. Pykov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatric Radiological Diagnostics.</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pykov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1149-4061</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туманова</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tumanova</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Туманова Елена Леонидовна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный внештатный специалист по патологической анатомии, заведующая кафедрой па-толологической анатомии, РНИМУ имени Н.И. Пирогова.</p><p>17997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena L. Tumanova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief External Expert in Pathological Anatomy, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy.</p><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena07tumanova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0942-0103</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозов Сергей Леонидович - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры госпитальной педиатрии №2 педиатрического факультета, старший научный сотрудник отдела наследственных и приобретенных болезней почек, РНИМУ имени Н.И. Пирогова.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey L. Morozov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Hospital Pediatrics No. 2, Leading Researcher of Department of Hereditary and Acquired Kidney Diseases, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.</p><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mser@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-8781</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вокуева</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vokuyeva</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вокуева Татьяна Игоревна - кандидат медицинских наук, врач ультразвуковой диагностики, Детская городская клиническая больница имени З.А. Башляевой; ассистент кафедры лучевой диагностики детского возраста, РМАНПО.</p><p>125373, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28; 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana I. Vokuyeva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Ultrasound Specialist, Bashlyaeva City Children's Clinical Hospital; Assistant Professor of Department of Pediatric Radiological Diagnostics, RMACPE.</p><p>28, Geroev Panfilovtsev St., Moscow, 125373; 2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sunitiy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детская городская клиническая больница имени З.А. Башляевой; Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashlyaeva City Children’s Clinical Hospital; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детская городская клиническая больница имени З.А. Башляевой; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashlyaeva City Children’s Clinical Hospital; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>17</issue><fpage>182</fpage><lpage>190</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Миронова А.К., Османов И.М., Захарова И.Н., Пыков М.И., Туманова Е.Л., Морозов С.Л., Вокуева Т.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Миронова А.К., Османов И.М., Захарова И.Н., Пыков М.И., Туманова Е.Л., Морозов С.Л., Вокуева Т.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mironova A.K., Osmanov I.M., Zakharova I.N., Pykov M.I., Tumanova E.L., Morozov S.L., Vokuyeva T.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6500">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6500</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Одним из актуальных вопросов на первом этапе выхаживания глубоконедоношенных детей является острое повреждение почек. Частота неонатального острого повреждения почек в развивающихся странах составляет 3,9/1000 живорожденных, при этом 34,5/1000 среди пациентов отделений реанимации и интенсивной терапии новорожденных.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Установить эхографические признаки острого повреждения почек у глубоконедоношенных детей в периоде новорожденности.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование вошли недоношенные новорожденные c массой тела при рождении менее 1500 г и сроком гестации менее 32 нед., из них 24 ребенка с клинико- лабораторными признаками острого почечного повреждения «ОПП+» и 76 детей, не имеющих признаков острого повреждения почек «ОПП-». Все дети, вошедшие в исследование, были рождены с массой тела менее 1500 г и сроком гестации менее 32 нед. и находились в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии новорожденных. Для уточнения характера выявленных изменений был проведен научный анализ результатов патологоанатомических исследований 55 умерших глубоконедоношенных детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У всех детей из группы «ОПП+» отмечалось выраженное диффузно- неравномерное повышение эхогенности паренхимы, при ЦДК отмечалось обеднение сосудистого рисунка в субкапсульной зоне и/или в кортикальном слое паренхимы, у 25% пациентов на 5–15-е сутки жизни отмечались анэхогенные образования без признаков кровотока, диаметром 1–3 мм в области кортикального слоя. Изменения имели двусторонний характер поражения, при дальнейшем наблюдении постепенно редуцировались и к 3 ± 2 мес. жизни не определялись при проведении УЗИ почек. Обсуждение. В результате проведенного исследования выявлены наиболее характерные ультразвуковые признаки острого повреждения почек, которыми являются неравномерное диффузное повышение эхогенности паренхимы почек, мелкие анэхо генные аваскулярные включения (кисты) паренхимы, обеднение почечного кровотока.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Ультразвуковое исследование почек является информативным методом, однако эхографические изменения могут носить лабильный характер в зависимости от клинического течения заболевания, и отсутствие анэхогенных образований в паренхиме могут быть связаны с техническими ограничениями метода ультразвукового исследования, что требует дальнейшего наблюдения и сохранения настороженности педиатра и детского нефролога.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. One of the urgent issues in the first stage of nursing premature infants is acute kidney injury. The incidence of neonatal acute kidney injury in developing countries is 3.9/1000 live births, with 34.5/1000 among neonatal intensive care patients.</p><p>The aim of the study was to establish echographic signs of acute kidney injury in deeply premature infants in the neonatal period.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. 24 children with clinical and laboratory signs of acute kidney injury “AKI+” and 76 children without signs of acute kidney injury “AKI-“. All the children included in the study were born with a body weight of less than 1500 g and a gestation period of less than 32 weeks and were in the neonatal intensive care unit. To clarify the nature of the detected changes, a scientific analysis of the results of pathoanatomic studies of 55 deceased preterm infants was carried out.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In all children from the “AKI+” group, there was a pronounced diffuse-uneven increase in the echogenicity of the parenchyma, there was a depletion of the vascular pattern in the subcapsular zone and/or in the cortical layer of the parenchyma, in 25% of patients on the 5th-15th day of life, anechogenic formations without signs of blood flow, with a diameter of 1-3 mm in the cortical layer were noted. The changes had a bilateral nature of the lesion, with further observation they were gradually reduced and by 3 ± 2 months of life they were not determined during ultrasound of the kidneys.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. Acute kidney injury is an urgent problem of preterm infants born with very low and extremely low body weight. The article presents the results of ultrasound examination of the kidneys in comparison with clinical and laboratory indicators and the results of pathomorphological studies. As a result of the study, the most characteristic ultrasound signs of acute kidney injury were identified, which are an uneven diffuse increase in the echogenicity of the renal parenchyma, small anechoic avascular inclusions (cysts) of the parenchyma, depletion of renal blood flow.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Renal ultrasonography is an informative method, but echographic changes may be labile depending on the clinical course of the disease, and the absence of anechogenic masses in the parenchyma may be due to technical limitations of the ultrasonography method. It requires further monitoring and continued vigilance of the pediatrician and pediatric nephrologist.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>недоношенные дети</kwd><kwd>острое повреждение почек</kwd><kwd>эхографические признаки</kwd><kwd>дисплазия</kwd><kwd>смертность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>premature infants</kwd><kwd>acute kidney injury</kwd><kwd>echographic signs</kwd><kwd>dysplasia</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoste E., KeUum J. Acute kidney injury: epidemiology and diagnostic criteria. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2006;2(6):531-537. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCC.0b013e3280102af7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoste E., Kellum J. Acute kidney injury: epidemiology and diagnostic criteria. 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