<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2021-21-2-118-123</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6643</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Стоматология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Dentistry</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка состояния височно-нижнечелюстного сустава методами двухмерного ультразвукового сканирования и доплерографии у пациентов с хроническими воспалительными заболеваниями пародонта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the temporomandibular joint condition using two-dimensional ultrasound scanning and doppler ultrasonography methods in patients with chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0465-7790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чапанова</surname><given-names>Э. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chapanova</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чапанова Эсет Мусаевна - ординатор 1-го года.</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eset M. Chapanova - 1st Year Intern, Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry.</p><p>20, Bldg. 1, Delegatskaya St., Moscow, 127473.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Chapanova.asya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-2001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иконникова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ikonnikova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иконникова Марина Александровна - аспирант кафедры пародонтологии.</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina A. Ikonnikova - Postgraduate Student, Department of Periodontology, Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry.</p><p>20, Bldg. 1, Delegatskaya St., Moscow, 127473.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marishka8.soboleva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4752-8676</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иконников</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ikonnikov</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иконников Геннадий Геннадьевич – кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры пародонтологии.</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennady G. Ikonnikov - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant of the Department of Periodontology, Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry.</p><p>20, Bldg. 1, Delegatskaya St., Moscow, 127473.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bumer7610@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4219-3547</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермольев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермольев Сергей Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пародонтологии.</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Ermolev - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Periodontology, Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry.</p><p>20, Bldg. 1, Delegatskaya St., Moscow, 127473.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ermolijev_s@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4293-8465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янушевич</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yanushevich</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Янушевич Олег Олегович - академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой пародонтологии, заслуженный врач РФ.</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg O. Yanushevich - Academician RAS, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Periodontology, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry.</p><p>20, Bldg. 1, Delegatskaya St., Moscow, 127473.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Mail@msmsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5664-3978</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мержоев</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merzhoev</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мержоев Ибрагим Османович - студент 6-го курса.</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ibragim O. Merzhoev - 6th Year Student, Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry.</p><p>20, Bldg. 1, Delegatskaya St., Moscow, 127473.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">merzhoev_wolf@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3977-0980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хитров</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khitrov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хитров Александр Николаевич – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры патологии.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Khitrov - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ankhitrov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3821-3779</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грызунова</surname><given-names>Г. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gryzunova</surname><given-names>G. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грызунова Галина Константиновна – кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры биохимии.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina K. Gryzunova - Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor of the Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galinagryzonova49@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-6336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черешнева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chereshneva</surname><given-names>Y. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черешнева Елизавета Васильевна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры гистологии.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yelizaveta V. Chereshneva - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Histology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yelizaveta.new@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-3078</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ферзаули</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ferzauli</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ферзаули Али Нохчоевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной хирургии.</p><p>364907, Чеченская Республика, Грозный, ул. Шерипова, д. 32.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ali N. Ferzauli - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Surgery, Chechen State University.</p><p>3, Sheripov St., Chechen Republic, Grozny, 2364907.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ferzauli@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8067-378X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гатагажева</surname><given-names>З. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gatagazheva</surname><given-names>Z. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гатагажева Зарета Магомедовна-  доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии.</p><p>386001, Республика Ингушетия, Магас, проспект Идриса Зязикова, д. 7.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zareta M. Gatagazheva - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ingush State University.</p><p>7, Idris Zyazikov Ave., Republic of Ingushetia, Magas, 386001.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zareta1@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-0057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тачиева</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tachieva</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тачиева Белла Исаевна - ассистент кафедры патологии человека.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bella I. Tachieva - Assistant of Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bella_tachieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Чеченский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chechen State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ингушский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ingush State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>21-2</issue><fpage>118</fpage><lpage>123</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чапанова Э.М., Иконникова М.А., Иконников Г.Г., Ермольев С.Н., Янушевич О.О., Мержоев И.О., Хитров А.Н., Грызунова Г.К., Черешнева Е.В., Ферзаули А.Н., Гатагажева З.М., Тачиева Б.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чапанова Э.М., Иконникова М.А., Иконников Г.Г., Ермольев С.Н., Янушевич О.О., Мержоев И.О., Хитров А.Н., Грызунова Г.К., Черешнева Е.В., Ферзаули А.Н., Гатагажева З.М., Тачиева Б.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chapanova E.M., Ikonnikova M.A., Ikonnikov G.G., Ermolev S.N., Yanushevich O.O., Merzhoev I.O., Khitrov A.N., Gryzunova G.K., Chereshneva Y.V., Ferzauli A.N., Gatagazheva Z.M., Tachieva B.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6643">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6643</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение.  На  сегодняшний  день  врачи-стоматологи   все   чаще  выявляют  изменения  в  височно-нижнечелюстном   суставе у пациентов с хроническими воспалительными заболевания пародонта.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель  исследования</title><p>Цель  исследования.  Провести  комплексную   динамическую   оценку  состояния   височно-нижнечелюстного   сустава   (ВНЧС) и регистрацию регионарного кровотока методом двухмерного ультразвукового сканирования для повышения эффективности диагностики воспалительных заболеваний пародонта.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В проведенное исследование вошли 2 группы пациентов: 1-ю группу (контрольную) составили 20 добровольцев в возрасте 20–25 лет; 2-ю группу составили 52 человека в возрасте  25–45  лет с хроническим  пародонтитом  средней  степени. Для проведения УЗИ ВНЧС и ультразвуковой доплерографии использовался портативный ультразвуковой  сканер  LogicScan 128 с линейным ультразвуковым датчиком HL-10 с рабочей частотой от 5 до 12 МГц.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. У пациентов с хроническим пародонтитом средней степени при проведении ультразвукового исследования ВНЧС и измерении размеров суставной щели в состоянии относительного физиологического покоя были получены следующие значения: в переднем отделе – 2,3 ± 0,5 мм; в верхнем отделе – 1,6 ± 0,6 мм; в заднем отделе – 1,8 ± 0,3 мм. Также были проведены измерения площади суставного диска ВНЧС в различных положениях.</p><p>По данным УЗИ у пациентов с хроническим пародонтитом отмечается увеличение размеров суставной щели от 12,2 до 16,1%  и увеличение площади суставного диска на величину от 17,1 до 36,7%. При оценке траектории суставного пути определяется задержка движения и заклинивание сустава.</p><p>Помимо этого, в режиме цветного доплеровского картирования (ЦДК) были проведены расчеты скоростных и индексных показателей доплерографии наружных сонных и височных артерий.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Современные диагностические методы УЗИ и доплеровского картирования, оценивающие гемодинамику и функциональное состояние ВНЧС, позволяют проводить раннюю диагностику изменений с целью предотвращения развития нарушений ВНЧС у пациентов с хроническими воспалительными заболеваниями пародонта.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Currently, dentists are increasingly detecting changes in the temporomandibular joint in patients with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim of the study</title><p>Aim of the study. To carry out a comprehensive dynamic assessment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condition and the registration of regional blood flow using two-dimensional ultrasound scanning to improve the efficiency of diagnostics of inflammatory periodontal diseases.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 2 groups of patients: group 1 (control) consisted of 20 volunteers aged 20–25; Group 2 consisted of 52 people aged 25–45 years with moderate chronic periodontitis. For TMJ ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound, a portable ultrasound scanner LogicScan  128 with an HL-10  linear ultrasound transducer  with an operating frequency of 5     to 12 MHz was used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. During ultrasound examination of the temporomandibular joint and measuring the size of the joint space in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis in a state of relative physiological rest, the following  values were obtained:   in the anterior region – 2.3 ± 0.5 mm; in the upper section – 1.6 ± 0.6 mm; in the posterior section – 1.8 ± 0.3 mm. We also measured the area of the temporomandibular joint disc in various positions. According to ultrasound data, an increase in the size of the joint space from 12.2 to 16.1% and an increase in the area of the articular disc by 17.1 to 36.7% were found in patients with chronic periodontitis. When assessing the trajectory of the articular track, motion delay and joint wedging are determined. In addition, in the color Doppler mapping (CDM) mode, the speed and index indicators of Doppler ultrasonography of the external carotid and temporal arteries were calculated.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Modern diagnostic methods of ultrasound and Doppler mapping, assessing the hemodynamics and functional state of the TMJ, allow early diagnosis of changes in order to prevent the development of TMJ disorders in patients with chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пародонт</kwd><kwd>хронический пародонтит</kwd><kwd>височно-нижнечелюстной сустав</kwd><kwd>гемодинамика</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковая доплерография сосудов</kwd><kwd>суставной путь</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>periodontium</kwd><kwd>chronic periodontitis</kwd><kwd>temporomandibular joint</kwd><kwd>hemodynamics</kwd><kwd>ultrasound</kwd><kwd>vascular Doppler ultrasound</kwd><kwd>articular track</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брагин Е.А., Долгалев А.А., Брагарева Н.В. Особенности обследования и лечения пациентов с целостными зубными рядами и окклюзионными нарушениями. Фундаментальные исследования. 2014;(2):44–47. Режим доступа: https://fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=33541.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bragin E.A., Dolgalev A.A., Bragareva N.V. Features of examination and treatment of patients with complete dentition and occlusive disorders. Fundamental’nye issledovaniya = Fundamental Research. 2014;(2):44–47. (In Russ.) Available at: https://fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=33541.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антоник М.М. Виртуально-реальная методика диагностики, планирования и ортопедического лечения больных с окклюзионными нарушениями, осложненными мышечно-суставной дисфункцией височно-нижнечелюстного сустава. Российский стоматологический журнал. 2012;(1):17–21. Режим доступа: https://rjdentistry.com/1728-2802/article/view/39018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonik M.M. A virtual-real technique for diagnostics, planning and orthopedic treatment of patients with occlusive disorders complicated by musculo-articular dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint. Rossijskij stomatologicheskij zhurnal = Russian Dental Journal. 2012;(1):17–21. (In Russ.) Available at: https://rjdentistry.com/1728-2802/article/view/39018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tvrdy P., Heinz P., Pink R. Arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint:a review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2015;159(1):31–34. https://doi.org/10.5507/bp.2013.026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tvrdy P., Heinz P., Pink R. Arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint:a review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2015;159(1):31–34. https://doi.org/10.5507/bp.2013.026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kundu H., Basavaraj P., Kote S., Singla A., Singh S. Assessment of TMJ Disorders Using Ultrasonography as a Diagnostic Tool: A Review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(12):3116–3120. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2013/6678.3874.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kundu H., Basavaraj P., Kote S., Singla A., Singh S. Assessment of TMJ Disorders Using Ultrasonography as a Diagnostic Tool: A Review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(12):3116–3120. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2013/6678.3874.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лебеденко И.Ю., Арутюнов С.Д., Антоник М.М., Ступников А.А. Клинические методы диагностики функциональных нарушений зубочелюстной системы. 2-e изд. М.: Медпресс-информ; 2008. 112 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebedenko I.Yu., Arutyunov S.D., Antonik M.M., Stupnikov A.A. Clinical methods for the diagnosis of functional disorders of the dentition. 2nd ed. Moscow: Medpress-inform; 2008. 112 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Костина И.Н., Кочмашева В.В. Ультразвуковая визуализация височно-нижнечелюстного сустава в норме. Проблемы стоматологии. 2016;(2):95–101. https://doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-2016-12-2-95-101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostina I.N., Kochmasheva V.V. Ultrasound imaging of the temporomandibular joint is normal. Problemy stomatologii = Dentistry Рroblems. 2016;(2):95–101. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-2016-12-2-95-101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев А.Ю. (ред.). Лучевая диагностика в стоматологии: национальное руководство. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2010. 288 c. Режим доступа: https://www.rosmedlib.ru/book/ISBN9785970413494.html.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasiliev A.U. (ed.). Radiation diagnostics in dentistry: a national guide. Мoscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2010. 288 p. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.rosmedlib.ru/book/ISBN9785970413494.html.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жулев Е.Н., Ершов П.Э., Ершова О.А. Топографическая анатомия головок нижней челюсти у пациентов с мышечно-суставной дисфункцией височно-нижнечелюстного сустава и аномалиями прикуса. Вятский медицинский вестник. 2017;(3):96–99. Режим доступа: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/topograficheskaya-anatomiya-golovok-nizhney-chelyusti-u-patsientov-s-myshechno-sustavnoy-disfunktsiey-visochno-nizhnechelyustnogo.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhulev E.N., Ershov P.E., Ershova O.A. Topographic anatomy of the heads of the mandible in patients with musculo-articular dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint and malocclusion. Vyatskij medicinskij vestnik = Vyatka Medical Bulletin. 2017;(3):96–99. (In Russ.) Available at: https://vyatmedvestnik.ru/index.php/vmv/issue/view/2/No%203%2855%20%29%2C%202017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Talmaceanu D., Lenghel L.M., Bolog N., Popa Stanila R., Buduru S., Leucuta D.C. et al. High-resolution ultrasonography in assessing temporomandibular joint disc position. Med Ultrason. 2018;1(1):64–70. https://doi.org/10.11152/mu-1025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Talmaceanu D., Lenghel L.M., Bolog N., Popa Stanila R., Buduru S., Leucuta D.C. et al. High-resolution ultrasonography in assessing temporomandibular joint disc position. Med Ultrason. 2018;1(1):64–70. https://doi.org/10.11152/mu-1025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wieckiewicz M., Grychowska N., Wojciechowski K., Pelc A., Augustyniak M., Sleboda A., Zietek M. Prevalence and correlation between TMD based on RDC/TMD diagnoses, oral parafunctions and psychoemotional stress in Polish university students. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:472346. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/472346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wieckiewicz M., Grychowska N., Wojciechowski K., Pelc A., Augustyniak M., Sleboda A., Zietek M. Prevalence and correlation between TMD based on RDC/TMD diagnoses, oral parafunctions and psychoemotional stress in Polish university students. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:472346. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/472346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jank S., Rudisch A., Bodner G., Brandlmaier I., Gerhard S., Emshoff R. High-resolution ultrasonography of the TMJ: helpful diagnostic approach for patients with TMJ disorders? J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2001;29(6):366–371. https://doi.org/10.1054/jcms.2001.0252.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jank S., Rudisch A., Bodner G., Brandlmaier I., Gerhard S., Emshoff R. High-resolution ultrasonography of the TMJ: helpful diagnostic approach for patients with TMJ disorders? J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2001;29(6):366–371. https://doi.org/10.1054/jcms.2001.0252.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Venetis G., Pilavaki M., Triantafyllidou K., Papachristodoulou A., Lazaridis N., Palladas P. The value of magnetic resonance arthrography of the temporomandibular joint in imaging disc adhesions and perforations. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011;40(2):84–90. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/13255885.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Venetis G., Pilavaki M., Triantafyllidou K., Papachristodoulou A., Lazaridis N., Palladas P. The value of magnetic resonance arthrography of the temporomandibular joint in imaging disc adhesions and perforations. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011;40(2):84–90. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/13255885.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seemann R., Czerny C., Schicho K., Undt G., Piehslinger E., Ewers R., Wagner A. Pseudodynamic MRI differs from natural opening of the temporomandibular joint. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;105(3):371–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.02.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seemann R., Czerny C., Schicho K., Undt G., Piehslinger E., Ewers R., Wagner A. Pseudodynamic MRI differs from natural opening of the temporomandibular joint. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;105(3):371–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.02.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сakir-Ozkan N., Sarikaya В., Erkorkmaz U., Aktürk Y. Ultrasonographic evaluation of disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint compared with magnetic resonance imaging. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68(5):1075–1080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2009.08.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сakir-Ozkan N., Sarikaya В., Erkorkmaz U., Aktürk Y. Ultrasonographic evaluation of disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint compared with magnetic resonance imaging. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68(5):1075–1080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2009.08.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dong X.Y., He S., Zhu L., Dong T.Y., Pan S.S., Tang L.J., Zhu Z.F. The diagnostic value of high-resolution ultrasonography for the detection of anterior disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint: a meta-analysis employing the HSROC statistical model. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44(7):852–858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2015.01.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dong X.Y., He S., Zhu L., Dong T.Y., Pan S.S., Tang L.J., Zhu Z.F. The diagnostic value of high-resolution ultrasonography for the detection of anterior disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint: a meta-analysis employing the HSROC statistical model. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44(7):852–858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2015.01.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шахметова О.А., Синицина Т.М. Междисциплинарный подход к лечению мышечно-суставной дисфункции височно-нижнечелюстного сустава с выраженным болевым синдромом. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2017;(2):46–49. https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2017-2-46-49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shahmetova O.A., Sinicina T.M. An interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of muscular-articular dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint with severe pain. Nevrologiya, nejropsihiatriya, psihosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2017;(2):46–49. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2017-2-46-49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Habashi H., Eran A., Blumenfeld I., Gaitini D. Dynamic High‐Resolution Sonography Compared to Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Joint Disk Displacement. J Ultrasound Med. 2015;34(1):75–82. https://doi.org/10.7863/ultra.34.1.75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Habashi H., Eran A., Blumenfeld I., Gaitini D. Dynamic High‐Resolution Sonography Compared to Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Joint Disk Displacement. J Ultrasound Med. 2015;34(1):75–82. https://doi.org/10.7863/ultra.34.1.75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Razek A.A., Al Mahdy Al Belasy F., Ahmed W.M., Haggag M.A. Assessment of articular disc displacement of temporomandibular joint with ultrasound. J Ultrasound. 2015;18(2):159–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-014-0133-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Razek A.A., Al Mahdy Al Belasy F., Ahmed W.M., Haggag M.A. Assessment of articular disc displacement of temporomandibular joint with ultrasound. J Ultrasound. 2015;18(2):159–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-014-0133-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бекреев В.В., Иванов С.Ю., Буренчев Д.В., Груздева Т.А., Юркевич Р.И., Гарамян Б.Г. Применение ультразвукового метода исследования в комплексной диагностике внутренних нарушений ВНЧС. Медицинский алфавит. 2016;4(29):37–41. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28300736.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bekreev V.V., Ivanov S.Yu., Burenchev D.V., Gruzdeva T.A., Yurkevich R.I., Garamyan B.G. Application of the ultrasound method of research in the complex diagnosis of internal disorders of the temporomandibular joint. Medicinskij alfavit = Medical Аlphabet. 2016;4(29):37–41. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28300736.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долгалев А.А., Уманская Ю.Н. Влияние дисплазии соединительной ткани на возникновение дисфункции височно-нижнечелюстного сустава. Медицинский вестник Северного Кавказа. 2013;(4):65–68. https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2013.08043.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolgalev A.A., Umanskaya U.N. The influence of the connective tissue dysplasia at the occurrence of dysfunction of the temporo-mandibular joint. Medicinskij vestnik Severnogo Kavkaza = Medical Bulletin of the North Caucasus. 2013;(4):65–68. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2013.08043.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
