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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-1-106-113</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6691</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GASTROENTEROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Функциональные запоры у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Functional constipation in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2258-8859</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пахомовская</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pakhomovskaya</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> к.м.н., врач-гастроэнтеролог консультативно-диагностического центра </p><p>119296, Россия, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, д. 2, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Cand. Sci. (Med.), Gastroenterologist of the Consultative and Diagnostic Center</p><p>2, Bldg. 1, Lomonosovsky Ave., Moscow, 119296, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chexonte76@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Татьянина</surname><given-names>О. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tatianina</surname><given-names>O. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> к.м.н., врач-гастроэнтеролог консультативно-диагностического центра </p><p>119296, Россия, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, д. 2, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Cand. Sci. (Med.), Gastroenterologist of the Consultative and Diagnostic Center </p><p>2, Bldg. 1, Lomonosovsky Ave., Moscow, 119296, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgatatyanina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарева</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazareva</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> врач-педиатр консультативно-диагностического центра </p><p>119296, Россия, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, д. 2, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Рediatrician of the Consultative and Diagnostic Center </p><p>2, Bldg. 1, Lomonosovsky Ave., Moscow, 119296, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lazareva-87@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>113</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пахомовская Н.Л., Татьянина О.Ф., Лазарева Т.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пахомовская Н.Л., Татьянина О.Ф., Лазарева Т.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pakhomovskaya N.L., Tatianina O.F., Lazareva T.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6691">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6691</self-uri><abstract><p>Запоры – одна из наиболее частых нозологий, встречающихся на амбулаторном приеме детского гастроэнтеролога. Подавляющее большинство запоров в педиатрии – функциональной природы. Согласно данным исследований, опубликованным в Российской Федерации, частота запоров у детей составляет около 25–30%. В 2014 г. были опубликованы совместные клинические рекомендации Европейского и Североамериканского обществ детских гастроэнтерологов, гепатологов и нутрициологов по ведению детей с функциональным запором, на которых основываются отечественные рекомендации по диагностике и лечению функциональных запоров. Согласно клиническим рекомендациям, для постановки диагноза функционального запора у детей рекомендуется использовать Римские критерии III пересмотра, 2006 г. В мае 2016 г. были приняты Римские критерии IV пересмотра, в которых даются отдельные диагностические критерии для младенцев и детей до 4 лет и детей старше 4 лет и подростков. Среди младенцев и детей до 4 лет выделена группа детей с симптомами запора, уже имеющих туалетные навыки на момент постановки диагноза. Показанием к дополнительным методам обследования, в т. ч. инструментальным, является наличие симптомов тревоги или рефрактерный запор (запор, не разрешающийся в течение 3 мес. на фоне адекватной терапии). Манифестация запоров часто связана с изменением характера питания – период введения прикорма у младенцев или начало посещения детского учреждения, недостаточное поступление жидкости. Дебют запоров часто приходится на период формирования гигиенических навыков (приучение к горшку). Основной механизм развития запоров – добровольное удержание кала ребенком, который пытается избежать болезненной дефекации. Цель лечения функционального запора – размягчение кала, что поможет сделать акт дефекации безболезненным и обеспечит наличие позыва на дефекацию. Приведены клинические примеры лечения пациентов с функциональным запором и хроническим толстокишечным стазом, функциональными запорами и энкопрезом. Итогом лечения функциональных запоров является обеспечение безболезненной дефекации и формирование устойчивого рефлекса на дефекацию. Медикаментозная терапия функциональных запоров основана на применении слабительных препаратов. Также немаловажную роль играют диетические рекомендации и поведенческая терапия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Constipation is one of the most common nosologies that a pediatric gastroenterologist deals with during outpatient visits. In the vast majority of children with constipation the problem is functional in nature. According to studies published in the Russian Federation, the frequency of constipation in children accounts for about 25–30%. The joint clinical guidelines of the European and North American Societies of Pediatric Gastroenterologists, Hepatologists and Nutritionists for the management of children with functional constipation were published in 2014. The national guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of functional constipation are based on these guidelines. According to the clinical guidelines, the 2006 Rome III criteria should be used to establish the diagnosis of functional constipation in children. In May 2016, the Rome IV criteria that provide separate diagnostic criteria for infants and children under 4 years of age and children over 4 years and teenagers were adopted. A group of children with symptoms of constipation, who have already had toilet skills at the time of diagnosis, was identified among infants and children under 4 years of age. The presence of anxiety symptoms or refractory constipation (constipation that does not resolve within 3 months while taking adequate therapy) is considered an indication for use of additional examination methods, including instrumental ones. The manifestation of constipation is often associated with a change in eating habits - the period of introduction of complementary feeding in infants or the beginning of going to a day-care centre, inadequate fluid intake. The onset of constipation often coincides with the period of the development of hygiene skills (potty training). The voluntary stool retention by a child who is trying to avoid painful defecation experiences is the main mechanism for the development of constipation. The aim of functional constipation treatment is to soften the stools, which facilitates painless defecation and ensure that there is an urge to defecate. Clinical examples of the treatment of patients with functional constipation and chronic colonic stasis, functional constipation and encopresis are provided. The outcome of the treatment of functional constipation is to ensure painless defecation and the development of a stable defecation reflex. The drug therapy for functional constipation is based on the use of laxatives. Dietary advice and behavioral therapy also play an important role.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>функциональные запоры</kwd><kwd>хронические запоры</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>слабительные препараты</kwd><kwd>пикосульфат натрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>functional constipation</kwd><kwd>chronic constipation</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>laxatives</kwd><kwd>sodium picosulfate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хавкин А.И., Файзуллина Р.А., Бельмер С.В., Горелов А.В., Захарова И.Н., Звягин А.А. и др. Диагностика и тактика ведения детей с функциональными запорами. Вопросы практической педиатрии. 2014;(5):62–76. 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