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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-1-128-133</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6694</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GASTROENTEROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Смеси на основе козьего молока. Кому, зачем, как</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Goat Milk Formula. To whom, why, how</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2666-4759</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурова</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> д.м.н., профессор, кафедра пропедевтики детских болезней с курсом общего ухода за детьми; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории «Медико-социальные проблемы в педиатрии»; профессор, кафедра педиатрии с курсом детской хирургии; заведующая отделением абдоминальной патологии с эндоскопией и функциональной диагностикой </p><p>194100, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2</p><p>308015, Россия, Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85</p><p>192289, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Олеко Дундича, д. 36, корп. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Propaedeutics of Childhood Diseases with a Course of General Child Care; Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of “Medical and Social Problems in Pediatrics”; Professor, Department of Pediatrics with the Course of Children’s Surgical Diseases; Head of the Department of Abdominal Pathology with Endoscopy and Functional Diagnostics</p><p>2, Litovskaya St., St Petersburg, 194100, Russia</p><p>85, Pobedy St., Belgorod, the Belgorod region, 308015, Russia</p><p>36, Bldg. 2, Oleko Dundich St., St Petersburg, 192289, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">itely@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет; &#13;
Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет; &#13;
Клинико-диагностический центр для детей</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University;&#13;
Belgorod State University;&#13;
Clinical Diagnostic Center for Children</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гурова М.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гурова М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gurova M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6694">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6694</self-uri><abstract><p>С эволюционной точки зрения оптимальным питанием для детей раннего возраста является грудное молоко, содержащее помимо макро- и микронутриентов функциональные компоненты, необходимые для морфофункционального созревания и совершенствования регуляторных взаимодействий органов и систем, прежде всего пищеварительной. Выбор смеси для искусственного вскармливания ребенка определяется прежде всего на основе ее функциональных возможностей. Интерес к козьему молоку в качестве источника питания известен давно, а рекомендации, подчеркивающие его диетические и целебные свойства, встречаются как в древних трактатах, так и современных руководствах. В связи с этим особого внимания заслуживают смеси на основе козьего молока. На основании результатов исследований были выявлены особенности состава козьего молока, определяющие уникальные метаболические и физиологические свойства для детей раннего возраста. В статье представлены данные об особенностях химического состава козьего, коровьего и грудного молока, а также функциональных характеристиках адаптированной смеси на основе козьего молока. Преимущества козьего молока позволяют рассматривать смеси на его основе в качестве физиологических (обеспечивающих нормальные массо-ростовые показатели и метаболические процессы), функциональных (за счет ростовых, регуляторных и защитных факторов) и профилактических – предупреждающих возникновение функциональных расстройств (срыгиваний, запоров) вследствие соответствия функциональным возможностям желудочно-кишечного тракта ребенка. Такие смеси показаны здоровым детям раннего возраста, могут применяться у детей с факторами риска развития функциональных гастроинтестинальных расстройств. К таким факторам риска относят: роды кесаревым сечением, назначение антибиотиков в первые дни жизни, перинатальную патологию центральной нервной системы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>From an evolutionary standpoint, breast milk is the optimal food for nutrition of infants, which contains, in addition to macro- and micronutrients, functional components required for the morphofunctional maturation and development of regulatory interactions between organs and systems mostly of the digestive system. The choice of formula for artificial feeding of infants is determined, first of all, on the basis of its functionality. Interest in goat milk as a source of nutrition has been known for a long time, and recommendations highlighting its dietary and healing properties are found in both ancient treatises and modern guidelines. In this regard, goat milk formulas deserve special attention. Based on the results of the research, were identified the features of goat milk composition, which determine the unique metabolic and physiological properties for young children. The article presents comparative data on the features of the chemical composition of goat, cow and breast milk, as well as the functional characteristics of the adapted goat milk based formula. The advantages of goat’s milk allow us to consider goat milk based formula as physiological (providing normal physical development and metabolic processes), as functional (due to growth, regulatory and protective factors) and prophylactic — to prevent the occurrence of functional disorders (regurgitation, constipation) due to compliance with the functional capabilities of the gastrointestinal tract of the child. Such formulas are indicated for healthy infants and can be used in infants with risk factors for the development of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Such risk factors include caesarean-section delivery, exposure to antibiotics in the first days of life, perinatal pathology of the central nervous system.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>искусственное вскармливание</kwd><kwd>козье молоко</kwd><kwd>дети первого года жизни</kwd><kwd>β-казеин</kwd><kwd>α-лактальбумин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial feeding</kwd><kwd>goat milk</kwd><kwd>infants</kwd><kwd>β-casein</kwd><kwd>α-lactalbumin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранов Е.А., Тутельян В.А., Чумакова О.В., Фисенко А.П., Никитюк Д.Б., Намазова-Баранова Л.С. и др. Национальная программа оптимизации вскармливания детей первого года жизни в Российской Федерации. М.: Союз педиатров России; 2019. 112 с. 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