medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-3-121-129medsovet-6749Research ArticleАЛЛЕРГОДЕРМАТОЗЫALLERGODERMATOSESАллергический контактный дерматит на никельNickel allergic contact dermatitishttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3261-6718ТамразоваО. Б.TamrazovaO. B.

д.м.н., врач-дерматовенеролог; профессор кафедры дерматовенерологии, факультет повышения квалификации медицинских работников, Российский университет дружбы народов

125373, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28; 

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Dermatovenerologist; Professor of the Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Advanced Training of Medical Workers

28, Geroev Panfilovtsev St., Moscow, 125373; 

6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198

anait_tamrazova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7045-4636СелезневC. П.SeleznevS. P.

врач-дерматоонколог

105005, Москва, ул. Бауманская, д. 17/1

Oncologist

17/1, Baumanskaya St., Moscow, 105005

selezserpavl@mail.ruДетская городская клиническая больница имени З.А. Башляевой; Российский университет дружбы народовРоссияBashlyaeva City Children’s Clinical Hospital; Peoples’ Friendship University of RussiaRussian FederationГородская клиническая онкологическая больница №1РоссияCity Clinical Oncology Hospital No. 1Russian Federation20221203202203121129Copyright © Тамразова О.Б., Селезнев C.П., 20222022Тамразова О.Б., Селезнев C.П.Tamrazova O.B., Seleznev S.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6749

В статье представлены основные сведения о никель-ассоциированном аллергическом контактом дерматите (НАКД). Никель является распространенным металлом, который повсеместно применяется в сплавах при изготовлении украшений, фурнитуры и бытовых предметов. Контакт с данным металлом нередко приводит к развитию аллергического контактного дерматита у сенсибилизированных людей. Частота распространенности НАКД среди населения велика: заболеванием страдают до 19% взрослого населения и около 10% детей и подростков. Отмечено, что у лиц женского пола сенсибилизация к никелю наблюдается в несколько раз чаще, чем у мужчин. Определяющее значение в развитии аллергической реакции на никель имеет целостность кожного барьера, частота контактов с никельсодержащими предметами быта, наличие пирсинга, повышенная влажность и гипергидроз. Ионы никеля, поступающие в организм алиментарным путем, способны приводить как к сенсибилизации организма, так и формировать к нему толерантность. В основе патогенеза НАКД лежит классическая реакция гиперчувствительности замедленного типа. В работе представлены основные клинические формы данного аллергодерматоза, а также характерные особенности течения заболевания. Детально разобраны особенности течения НАКД у пациентов с атопическим дерматитом (АтД). Представленные данные наглядно демонстрируют, что контактная аллергия на никель способна не только поддерживать, но и значительно отягощать течение АтД. Схематически отображены основные критерии дифференциальной диагностики между простым контактным и аллергическим контактным дерматитами. Отмечена необходимость ранней идентификации и прекращения контакта с никельсодержащими предметами быта в качестве начального этапа лечения НАКД. Основным методом лечения заболевания является местная терапия топическими глюкокортикостероидами.

The article provides basic information about nickel-associated allergic contact dermatitis (NACD). Nickel is a common metal that is commonly used in alloys for jewelry, accessories and household items. Contact with this metal often leads to the development of allergic contact dermatitis in sensitized individuals. The prevalence of NACD among the population is high: up to 19% among adults and about 10% among children and adolescents. It is noted that in female’s sensitization to nickel is observed several times more often than in males. On the risk of developing an allergic reaction to nickel, the integrity of the skin barrier, the frequency of contacts with nickel-containing household items, the presence of piercings, high humidity and hyperhidrosis are of decisive importance. Nickel ions entering the body through the alimentary route are capable of both sensitizing the body and forming tolerance to it. The pathogenesis of NACD is based on the classic delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. The main clinical forms of this allergic dermatosis, as well as the characteristic features of the course of the disease are presented. The features of the course of NACD in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are analyzed in detail. The presented data clearly demonstrate that contact allergy to nickel can not only maintain, but also significantly aggravate the course of AD. The main criteria for the differential diagnosis between simple contact and allergic contact dermatitis are shown schematically. The need for early identification and termination of contact with nickel-containing household items is noted as the initial stage of NACD treatment. The main treatment for NACD is local therapy with topical glucocorticosteroids.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.