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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-6-74-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6814</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GASTROENTEROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стеатогепатиты: этиологические варианты, принципы диагностики и лечения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Steatohepatitises: etiological variants, principles of diagnosis and management</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9224-7382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дичева</surname><given-names>Д. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dicheva</surname><given-names>D. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии, </p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases and  Gastroenterology, </p><p>20, Bldg. 1, Delegatskaya St., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">di.di4eva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-7112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> к.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней и  гастроэнтерологии,</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology,</p><p>20, Bldg. 1, Delegatskaya St., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dna-mit8@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0633-5317</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парцваниа-Виноградова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Partsvania-Vinogradova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ассистент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии,</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant of Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, </p><p>20, Bldg. 1, Delegatskaya St., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katrin3108@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9390-8303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Умярова</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Umyarova</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии,</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student of Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, </p><p>20, Bldg. 1, Delegatskaya St., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">renata.94@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дичева Д.Т., Андреев Д.Н., Парцваниа-Виноградова Е.В., Умярова Р.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дичева Д.Т., Андреев Д.Н., Парцваниа-Виноградова Е.В., Умярова Р.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dicheva D.T., Andreev D.N., Partsvania-Vinogradova E.V., Umyarova R.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6814">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6814</self-uri><abstract><p>Стеатогепатиты – это этиологически гетерогенная группа патологических изменений печени, характеризующаяся воспалительной инфильтрацией паренхимы печени на фоне жировой дистрофии гепатоцитов. Клиническое значение стеатогепатита, вне зависимости от  этиологической причины, заключается в  формировании фиброза печени и,  как следствие, в увеличении риска развития цирроза печени и гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы, являющихся жизнеугрожающими состояниями. Принято выделять следующие этиологические варианты стеатогепатитов: метаболический (55–65% случаев), алкогольный (45–55% случаев) и лекарственный (примерно 5% случаев). При метаболическом стеатогепатите патогенетическим базисом являются механизмы повышения липолиза, увеличения пула свободных жирных кислот и  снижения β-окисления, в основе которых лежит ожирение и инсулинорезистентность. Патогенетическими факторами, опосредующими развитие алкогольного стеатогепатита, являются токсическая активность ацетальдегида, а также повышение активности CYP2E1. Прием ряда гепатотоксичных препаратов повышает липогенез в гепатоцитах и нарушает электрон-транспортную цепь, что ведет к  формированию стеатоза печени с  последующей трансформацией в  стеатогепатит. Вне зависимости от  этиологического варианта стеатогепатит в  превалирующем большинстве случаев протекает бессимптомно. Однако некоторые пациенты могут предъявлять жалобы на  слабость, чувство дискомфорта или невыраженные боли в  правом подреберье. Для установления этиологической причины поражения печени принципиально важным является детальный сбор анамнеза. Лабораторные методы обследования позволяют диагностировать стеатогепатит при повышении печеночных трансаминаз, обычно не превышающих 2–4 нормы. Кроме печеночных ферментов, при стеатогепатите также может наблюдаться увеличение уровня щелочной фосфатазы (ЩФ) и гамма-глутамилтранспептидазы (ГГТП). Наиболее доступным в клинической практике инструментальным методом для первичной диагностики стеатоза печени является ультразвуковое исследование. Не менее информативной неинвазивной методикой диагностики стеатогепатита является непрямая эластометрия, которая позволяет измерить как степень стеатоза (функция определения параметра контролируемого затухания ультразвуковой волны, CAP), так и фиброза печени. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Steatohepatitises is an etiologically heterogeneous group of pathological changes in the liver, which are characterized by the inflammatory infiltration of the hepatic parenchyma with underlying fatty degeneration of hepatocytes. Whatever is the etiological cause, the clinical significance of steatohepatitis involves the formation of liver fibrosis and, as a result, an increased risk of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which are life-threatening conditions. It is common practice to identify the following etiological variants of steatohepatitis: metabolic (55–65% of cases), alcoholic (45–55% of cases) and drug-induced (approximately 5% of cases). The pathogenetic basis of metabolic steatohepatitis lies in the mechanisms of increased lipolysis, excess free fatty acid pool and reduced β-oxidation stemming from obesity and insulin resistance. Pathogenetic factors mediating the development of alcoholic steatohepatitis are the toxic activity of acetaldehyde and increased CYP2E1 activity. Intake of some hepatotoxic drugs increases lipogenesis in  hepatocytes and disrupts the electron transport chain, which leads to the formation of liver steatosis followed by transformation into steatohepatitis. Whatever is the etiological varient, steatohepatitis is asymptomatic in the prevailing majority of cases. However, some patients may present complaints of weakness, discomfort, or indolent pain in the right hypochondrium. A detailed history taking is essential for the establishment of the etiological cause of liver damage. Laboratory tests allow to diagnose steatohepatitis in increased levels of hepatic transaminases, usually not exceeding 2–3 times the normal values. In addition to liver enzymes, increased levels of alkaline phosphatase and GGTP can also be observed in steatohepatitis. Ultrasound imaging is the most accessible instrumental tool in clinical practice to establish the primary diagnosis of hepatic steatosis. Indirect elastometry is an equally informative non-invasive method for diagnosing steatohepatitis, which allows to measure both the degree of steatosis (the function of determining the ultrasonic controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver fibrosis. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>неалкогольный стеатогепатит</kwd><kwd>метаболически ассоциированная жировая болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>алкогольная болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>лекарственные поражения печени</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</kwd><kwd>non-alcoholic steatohepatitis</kwd><kwd>metabolic associated fatty liver disease</kwd><kwd>alcoholic liver disease</kwd><kwd>drug-induced liver injury</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А. 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