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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-6-158-165</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6826</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕДИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные рекомендации по выбору антибактериального препарата у детей с внебольничными пневмониями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current guidelines for the selection of an antibacterial drug in children with community-acquired pneumonia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1685-234X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaytseva</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры педиатрии, 127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1;</p><p>врач-пульмонолог, 115409, Москва, ул. Москворечье д. 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor of the Department of Pediatrics, 20, Bldg. 1, Delegateskaya St., Moscow, 127473;</p><p>Pulmonologist, 20, Moskvorechye St., Moscow, 115409</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zcv16@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3426-3426</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaytseva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии, </p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatrics, </p><p>20, Bldg. 1, Delegateskaya St., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga6505963@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова; Федеральный научно-клинический центр детей и подростков Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry; &#13;
Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>158</fpage><lpage>165</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зайцева С.В., Зайцева О.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зайцева С.В., Зайцева О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaytseva S.V., Zaytseva O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6826">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6826</self-uri><abstract><p>Пандемия новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 существенно повлияла на заболеваемость острыми респираторными инфекциями в  современном мире. Рост этиологической значимости вирусов в  структуре респираторных заболеваний сопровождается сохранением значимости бактериальных возбудителей в развитии патологии органов дыхания. В сложившейся ситуации резко возрастает риск необоснованного назначения антибактериальных препаратов. Нерациональное использование антибактериальных препаратов, особенно в период пандемии COVID-19, существенно повлияло на распространение микроорганизмов с высокой устойчивостью к антибиотикам. В статье представлены современные данные о роли наиболее распространенных патогенов внебольничных пневмоний у детей, штамме S. pneumoniae со сниженной чувствительностью, а также о резистентных к пенициллину макролидах. Появились сведения об изолятах S. pneumoniae со сниженной чувствительностью к парентеральным ЦС III поколения (цефотаксиму и цефтриаксону). Отмечается увеличение числа β-лактамазопродуцирующих штаммов H. influenzae, резистентных к незащищенным аминопенициллинам. Рассмотрены основные этапы диагностики внебольничной пневмонии, утвержденные в клинических рекомендациях по внебольничным пневмониям у детей в  2022  г., одобренных Министерством здравоохранения России. В данном документе определены четкие алгоритмы диагностики и выбора антибиотикотерапии у детей в амбулаторных условиях. Также предложены алгоритмы выбора стартовой антибактериальной терапии в условиях амбулаторного звена. В большинстве случаев возбудителем внебольничной пневмонии у детей является S. pneumoniae, что определяет выбор стартового антибиотика. Согласно клиническим рекомендациям таким препаратом у детей с 3-месячного возраста является амоксициллин в пероральной форме и в стандартной дозировке 45–55 мг/кг/сут, разделенной на 2–3 приема. Особое внимание уделено амоксициллину в форме диспергируемых таблеток. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the incidence of acute respiratory infections in the modern world. Despite the growing etiological significance of viruses in the structure of infectious diseases, the importance of bacterial pathogens in the development of  respiratory pathology remains. The risk of  unreasonable prescription of  antibacterial drugs increases. The irrational use of antibacterial drugs has affected the spread of microorganisms with high resistance to antibiotics. The article presents current knowledge on the role of the most common pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia in children, data concerning the S. pneumoniae strain with reduced sensitivity and resistance to penicillin, macrolides. Information about isolates of S. Pneumoniae with decreased susceptibility to third-generation parenteral cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftriaxone) have appeared. The number of β-lactamase-producing strains of H. influenzae resistant to unprotected aminopenicillins is rising. The main steps of the diagnostic process of community-acquired pneumonia approved in the clinical guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia in children in 2022, which were adopted by the Russian Ministry of Health, are considered. This document sets out clear algorithms for diagnosing and selecting antibacterial therapy in children on an outpatient basis. Algorithms for selecting initial antibacterial therapy in outpatient settings are also proposed. In most cases, S. pneumoniae is a causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia in children, which defines the selection of an initial antibacterial drug. According to the clinical guidelines, oral amoxicillin at a standard dose of 45–55 mg/kg/day given in 2–3 divided doses is such a drug for children aged 3 months and older. Particular attention is paid to amoxicillin in the form of dispersible tablets. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антибактериальная терапия</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>таблетки диспергируемые</kwd><kwd>амоксициллин</kwd><kwd>клавулановая кислота</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antibiotic therapy</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>dispersed tablets</kwd><kwd>amoxicillin</kwd><kwd>clavulanic acid</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hatoun J., Correa E.T., Donahue S.M.A., Vernacchio L. Social distancing for COVID-19 and diagnoses of other infectious diseases in children. Pediatrics. 2020;146(4):e2020006460. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-006460.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hatoun J., Correa E.T., Donahue S.M.A., Vernacchio L. 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