<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-6-202-209</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6831</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДЕРМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DERMATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективность добавления к стандартной терапии подростков с тяжелыми формами акне системных глюкокортикоидов: рандомизированное контролируемое исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Efficacy of adding systemic glucocorticosteroids to standard therapy in adolescents with severe acne: a randomized controlled trial</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5044-5265</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Круглова</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kruglova</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой дерматовенерологии и косметологии, </p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 19, стр. 1А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology, </p><p>19, Bldg. 1А, Marshal Timoshenko St., Moscow, 121359</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kruglovals@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3437-5233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грязева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gryazeva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> к.м.н., доцент кафедры дерматовенерологии и косметологии,</p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 19, стр. 1А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology,</p><p>19, Bldg. 1А, Marshal Timoshenko St., Moscow, 121359</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tynrik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4672-697X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тамразова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tamrazova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры дерматовенерологии и косметологии,</p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 19, стр. 1А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Рostgraduate Student of the Department of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology, </p><p>19, Bldg. 1А, Marshal Timoshenko St., Moscow, 121359</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anaittamrazova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральная государственная медицинская академия Управления делами Президента РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central State Medical Academy of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>202</fpage><lpage>209</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Круглова Л.С., Грязева Н.В., Тамразова А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Круглова Л.С., Грязева Н.В., Тамразова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kruglova L.S., Gryazeva N.V., Tamrazova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6831">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6831</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Препаратом первого выбора в лечении тяжелых форм вульгарных акне является изотретиноин. Снизить вероятность развития «ретиноевого» дерматита и обострения акне на начальных этапах терапии изотретиноином помогает комбинирование системных ретиноидов с дюрантными кортикостероидами.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определить эффективность комбинированного использования изотретиноина и  дюрантного кортикостероида при лечении тяжелых форм вульгарных акне.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и  методы</title><p>Материалы и  методы. В  одноцентровом проспективном параллельном рандомизированном контролируемом неслепом исследовании приняли участие 26 пациентов с «тяжелой» и «очень тяжелой» степенью по шкале IGA, которые были разделены на 2 группы с помощью блочной рандомизации. 13 пациентов (группа А) получали комбинированную терапию изотретиноином 0,5 мг/кг/сут (кумулятивная доза от 120–150 мг/кг) 8 мес. и внутримышечные инъекции бетаметазона дипропионата (2 мг) + бетаметазона натрия фосфата (5 мг) по 1 мл 2 раза в первый месяц. 13 пациентов (группа Б) получали монотерапию изотретиноином 0,5 мг/кг/сут (кумулятивная доза от 120–150 мг/кг) 8 мес. Исследование длилось 8 мес. и состояло из 4 визитов (1-й визит, 1, 4 и 8-й мес.), при каждом посещении был произведен фотоконтроль, подсчет количества воспалительных и невоспалительных элементов, определен индекс ДИА, ДИКЖ и степень по шкале IGA.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Количество пациентов, достигших двухбалльного снижения степени тяжести по шкале IGA («чистая» или «почти чистая кожа») через 8 мес. в группе А было выше, чем в группе Б (76% против 30%). Снижение количества узлов было значительно выше в группе А (89,2% против 22,3%). В группе А не было зафиксировано обострений на фоне приема изотретиноина, в  группе Б  – 38% пациентов. Также мы выявили зависимость между достижением двухбального снижения степени по шкале IGA через 8 мес. и наличием обострений на фоне приема изотретиноина (p = 0,012). При анализе ДИКЖ между двумя группами нам не удалось выявить статистически значимых различий.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Комбинированная терапия изотретиноином и  дюрантным кортикостероидом снижает количество обострений, демонстрирует пациентам видимый эффект уже через месяц, тем самым повышая комплаентность, улучшая качество жизни и снижая риск образования рубцов. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Isotretinoin is the first-choice drug in the treatment of severe forms of acne vulgaris. The combination of systemic retinoids with durant corticosteroids helps to reduce the likelihood of developing “retinoic” dermatitis and exacerbation of acne in the initial stages of isotretinoin therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. Determination of the effectiveness of the combined use of isotretinoin and a durant corticosteroid in the treatment of severe forms of acne vulgaris.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Twenty six patients with “severe” or “very severe” grade on the IGA scale were included in this randomised, controlled comparative study. Thirteen patients (group A) were treated with isotretinoin 0.5 mg/kg/day (cumulative dose from 120 to 150 mg/kg) for 8 months and 2 injections of betamethasone dipropionate + betamethasone sodium phosphate at dose 1 ml (2 mg + 5 mg/1 ml) at first month (1 injection per two weeks) and thirteen patients (group B) were treated with combined therapy with isotretinoin at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day (cumulative dose from 120 to 150 mg/kg) for 8 months and assessment was based on the IGA scale, counting the number of inflammatory and non-inflammatory elements, indicators DIA (dermatological index of acne) and DLQI and was done at baseline, 1, 4 and 8 months of treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. At month 8, compared to group B, group A showed more significant decrease in IGA score and 76% patients achieved “clear” or “almost clear skin” degree (76% vs. 30%). The reduction in the number of inflammatory and non-inflammatory elements showed a marked clinical improvement in group A (89.2% vs 22.3 % for nodules). The decrease in DIA was 88.3% in group A and 71.3% in group B. Exacerbations of acne were recorded in 0% (group A) vs 38.0% (group B) of patients. We also found a relationship between the achievement of a 2-point reduction in the degree on the IGA scale after 8 months and the presence of exacerbations while taking isotretinoin (p = 0.012). Analyzing the DLQI between the two, we were unable to identify statistically significant differences.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Combines use of long acting steroid with isotretinoin provides synergic effect while minimizing the side effect of isotretinoin (decreases the number of exacerbations), demonstrates a visible effect to patients within a month, thereby increasing compliance, improving the quality of life and reducing the risk of scarring. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тяжелые формы акне</kwd><kwd>нодулярные акне</kwd><kwd>изотретиноин</kwd><kwd>дюрантный кортикостероид</kwd><kwd>бетаметазон</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>severe acne</kwd><kwd>nodular acne</kwd><kwd>isotretinon</kwd><kwd>durant corticosteroid</kwd><kwd>betamethasone</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strauss J.S., Krowchuk D.P., Leyden J.J., Lucky A.W., Shalita A.R., Siegfried E.C. et al. Guidelines of care for acne vulgaris management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56(4):651–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2006.08.048.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strauss J.S., Krowchuk D.P., Leyden J.J., Lucky A.W., Shalita A.R., Siegfried E.C. et al. Guidelines of care for acne vulgaris management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56(4):651–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2006.08.048.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tan J.K., Bhate K. A global perspective on the epidemiology of acne. Br J Dermatol. 2015;172(1 Suppl.):3–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13462.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tan J.K., Bhate K. A global perspective on the epidemiology of acne. Br J Dermatol. 2015;172(1 Suppl.):3–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13462.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heng A.H.S., Chew F.T. Systematic review of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):5754. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-62715-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heng A.H.S., Chew F.T. Systematic review of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):5754. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-62715-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lynn D.D., Umari T., Dunnick C.A., Dellavalle R.P. The epidemiology of acne vulgaris in late adolescence. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2016;7:13–25. https://doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S55832.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lynn D.D., Umari T., Dunnick C.A., Dellavalle R.P. The epidemiology of acne vulgaris in late adolescence. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2016;7:13–25. https://doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S55832.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurokawa I., Danby F.W., Ju Q., Wang X., Xiang L.F., Xia L. et al. New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and treatment. Exp Dermatol. 2009;18(10):821–832. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00890.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurokawa I., Danby F.W., Ju Q., Wang X., Xiang L.F., Xia L. et al. New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and treatment. Exp Dermatol. 2009;18(10):821–832. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00890.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson K.L., Dothard E.H., Huang K.E., Feldman S.R. Frequency of Primary Nonadherence to Acne Treatment. JAMA Dermatol. 2015;151(6):623–626. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.5254.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson K.L., Dothard E.H., Huang K.E., Feldman S.R. Frequency of Primary Nonadherence to Acne Treatment. JAMA Dermatol. 2015;151(6):623–626. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.5254.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tan J., Frey M.P., Thiboutot D., Layton A., Eady A. Identifying the Impacts of Acne: A Delphi Survey of Patients and Clinicians. J Cutan Med Surg. 2020;24(3):259–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1203475420907088.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tan J., Frey M.P., Thiboutot D., Layton A., Eady A. Identifying the Impacts of Acne: A Delphi Survey of Patients and Clinicians. J Cutan Med Surg. 2020;24(3):259–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1203475420907088.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davern J., O’Donnell A.T. Stigma predicts health-related quality of life impairment, psychological distress, and somatic symptoms in acne sufferers. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(9):e0205009. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davern J., O’Donnell A.T. Stigma predicts health-related quality of life impairment, psychological distress, and somatic symptoms in acne sufferers. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(9):e0205009. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roosta N., Black D.S., Peng D., Riley L.W. Skin disease and stigma in emerging adulthood: impact on healthy development. J Cutan Med Surg. 2010;14(6):285–290. https://doi.org/10.2310/7750.2010.09053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roosta N., Black D.S., Peng D., Riley L.W. Skin disease and stigma in emerging adulthood: impact on healthy development. J Cutan Med Surg. 2010;14(6):285–290. https://doi.org/10.2310/7750.2010.09053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stamu-O’Brien C., Jafferany M., Carniciu S., Abdelmaksoud A. Psychodermatology of acne: Psychological aspects and effects of acne vulgaris. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(4):1080–1083. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.13765.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stamu-O’Brien C., Jafferany M., Carniciu S., Abdelmaksoud A. Psychodermatology of acne: Psychological aspects and effects of acne vulgaris. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(4):1080–1083. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.13765.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samuels D.V., Rosenthal R., Lin R., Chaudhari S., Natsuaki M.N. Acne vulgaris and risk of depression and anxiety: A meta-analytic review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;83(2):532–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.02.040.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samuels D.V., Rosenthal R., Lin R., Chaudhari S., Natsuaki M.N. Acne vulgaris and risk of depression and anxiety: A meta-analytic review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;83(2):532–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.02.040.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaymak Y., Taner E., Taner Y. Comparison of depression, anxiety and life quality in acne vulgaris patients who were treated with either isotretinoin or topical agents. Int J Dermatol. 2009;48(1):41–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.03806.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaymak Y., Taner E., Taner Y. Comparison of depression, anxiety and life quality in acne vulgaris patients who were treated with either isotretinoin or topical agents. Int J Dermatol. 2009;48(1):41–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.03806.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tan J.K., Tang J., Fung K., Gupta A.K., Richard Thomas D., Sapra S. et al. Development and validation of a Scale for Acne Scar Severity (SCAR-S) of the face and trunk. J Cutan Med Surg. 2010;14(4):156–160. https://doi.org/10.2310/7750.2010.09037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tan J.K., Tang J., Fung K., Gupta A.K., Richard Thomas D., Sapra S. et al. Development and validation of a Scale for Acne Scar Severity (SCAR-S) of the face and trunk. J Cutan Med Surg. 2010;14(4):156–160. https://doi.org/10.2310/7750.2010.09037.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chuah S.Y., Goh C.L. The Impact of Post-Acne Scars on the Quality of Life Among Young Adults in Singapore. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2015;8(3):153–158. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2077.167272.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chuah S.Y., Goh C.L. The Impact of Post-Acne Scars on the Quality of Life Among Young Adults in Singapore. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2015;8(3):153–158. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2077.167272.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goodman G. Acne and acne scarring – the case for active and early intervention. Aust Fam Physician. 2006;35(7):503–504. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16820822.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goodman G. Acne and acne scarring – the case for active and early intervention. Aust Fam Physician. 2006;35(7):503–504. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16820822.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agrawal D.A., Khunger N. A Morphological Study of Acne Scarring and Its Relationship between Severity and Treatment of Active Acne. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2020;13(3):210–216. https://doi.org/10.4103/JCAS.JCAS_177_19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agrawal D.A., Khunger N. A Morphological Study of Acne Scarring and Its Relationship between Severity and Treatment of Active Acne. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2020;13(3):210–216. https://doi.org/10.4103/JCAS.JCAS_177_19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thiboutot D.M., Dréno B., Abanmi A., Alexis A.F., Araviiskaia E., Barona Cabal M.I. et al. Practical management of acne for clinicians: An international consensus from the Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(2 Suppl. 1):S1–S23.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.09.078.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thiboutot D.M., Dréno B., Abanmi A., Alexis A.F., Araviiskaia E., Barona Cabal M.I. et al. Practical management of acne for clinicians: An international consensus from the Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(2 Suppl. 1):S1–S23.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.09.078.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King K., Jones D.H., Daltrey D.C., Cunliffe W.J. A double-blind study of the effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid on acne, sebum excretion rate and microbial population. Br J Dermatol. 1982;107(5):583–590. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00410.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King K., Jones D.H., Daltrey D.C., Cunliffe W.J. A double-blind study of the effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid on acne, sebum excretion rate and microbial population. Br J Dermatol. 1982;107(5):583–590. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00410.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evaristo L.S.B.F., Bagatin E. Use of oral isotretinoin to treat acne in the public system: a hospital-based retrospective cohort. Sao Paulo Med J. 2019;137(4): 363–368. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2018.054405072019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evaristo L.S.B.F., Bagatin E. Use of oral isotretinoin to treat acne in the public system: a hospital-based retrospective cohort. Sao Paulo Med J. 2019;137(4): 363–368. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2018.054405072019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bauer L.B., Ornelas J.N., Elston D.M., Alikhan A. Isotretinoin: controversies, facts, and recommendations. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2016;9(11): 1435–1442. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2016.1213629.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bauer L.B., Ornelas J.N., Elston D.M., Alikhan A. Isotretinoin: controversies, facts, and recommendations. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2016;9(11): 1435–1442. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2016.1213629.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Layton A. The use of isotretinoin in acne. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009;1(3):162–169. https://doi.org/10.4161/derm.1.3.9364.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Layton A. The use of isotretinoin in acne. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009;1(3):162–169. https://doi.org/10.4161/derm.1.3.9364.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chivot M. Retinoid therapy for acne. A comparative review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(1):13–19. https://doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200506010-00002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chivot M. Retinoid therapy for acne. A comparative review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(1):13–19. https://doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200506010-00002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demircay Z., Kus S., Sur H. Predictive factors for acne flare during isotretinoin treatment. Eur J Dermatol. 2008;18(4):452–456. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18573721.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demircay Z., Kus S., Sur H. Predictive factors for acne flare during isotretinoin treatment. Eur J Dermatol. 2008;18(4):452–456. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18573721.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tan J.K., Vasey K., Fung K.Y. Beliefs and perceptions of patients with acne. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;44(3):439–445. https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2001.111340.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tan J.K., Vasey K., Fung K.Y. Beliefs and perceptions of patients with acne. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;44(3):439–445. https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2001.111340.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jin J., Sklar G.E., Min Sen Oh V., Chuen Li S. Factors affecting therapeutic compliance: A review from the patient’s perspective. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008;4(1):269–286. https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s1458.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jin J., Sklar G.E., Min Sen Oh V., Chuen Li S. Factors affecting therapeutic compliance: A review from the patient’s perspective. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008;4(1):269–286. https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s1458.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hermes B., Praetel C., Henz B.M. Medium dose isotretinoin for the treatment of acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 1998;11(2):117–121. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9784036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hermes B., Praetel C., Henz B.M. Medium dose isotretinoin for the treatment of acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 1998;11(2):117–121. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9784036.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pandey D., Agrawal S. Efficacy of Isotretinoin and Antihistamine versus Isotretinoin Alone in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Acne: A Randomised Control Trial. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2019;17(65):14–19. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31734672.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pandey D., Agrawal S. Efficacy of Isotretinoin and Antihistamine versus Isotretinoin Alone in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Acne: A Randomised Control Trial. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2019;17(65):14–19. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31734672.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta A., Sharma Y.K., Dash K.N., Chaudhari N.D., Jethani S. Quality of life in acne vulgaris: Relationship to clinical severity and demographic data. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2016;82(3):292–297. https://doi.org/10.4103/0378-6323.173593.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta A., Sharma Y.K., Dash K.N., Chaudhari N.D., Jethani S. Quality of life in acne vulgaris: Relationship to clinical severity and demographic data. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2016;82(3):292–297. https://doi.org/10.4103/0378-6323.173593.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McLellan C., Frey M.P., Thiboutot D., Layton A., Chren M.M., Tan J. Development of a Comprehensive Quality-of-Life Measure for Facial and Torso Acne. J Cutan Med Surg. 2018;22(3):304–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/1203475418756379.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McLellan C., Frey M.P., Thiboutot D., Layton A., Chren M.M., Tan J. Development of a Comprehensive Quality-of-Life Measure for Facial and Torso Acne. J Cutan Med Surg. 2018;22(3):304–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/1203475418756379.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
