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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-9-139-146</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6926</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярно-генетическая характеристика колоректального рака в зависимости от статуса микросателлитной нестабильности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular genetic characteristics of colorectal cancer depending on the status of microsatellite instability</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2743-0882</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оганян</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oganyan</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оганян Карина Амбарцумовна - студентка лечебного факультета.</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karina A. Oganyan - Student of the Medical Faculty, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University.</p><p>6-8, Lev Tolstoy St., St Petersburg, 197022.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oganyankarina00@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-2256</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусаелян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Musaelyan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мусаелян Арам Ашотович - младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии, ПСПбГМУ им. ак. И.П. Павлова; сотрудник лаборатории диагностики аутоиммунных заболеваний, НИИ медицинской приматологии.</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8; 354376, Краснодарский край, с. Веселое, ул. Мира, д. 177.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aram A. Musaelyan - Junior Researcher, Center for Molecular Medicine, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Medical Primatology.</p><p>6-8, Lev Tolstoy St., St Petersburg, 197022; 177, Mira St., Veseloe Village, Krasnodar Region, 354376.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.musaelyan8@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7966-6478</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котикова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotikova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котикова Маретта Алихановна - клинический ординатор кафедры онкологии.</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maretta A. Kotikova - Resident at the Department of Oncology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University.</p><p>6-8, Lev Tolstoy St., St Petersburg, 197022.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maretta.kotikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-3699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лапин Сергей Владимирович – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией диагностики аутоиммунных заболеваний НМЦ молекулярной медицины.</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Lapin - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Chief, Laboratory of Autoimmune Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University.</p><p>6-8, Lev Tolstoy St., St Petersburg, 197022.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svlapin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9354-8790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаров</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarov</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Назаров Владимир Дмитриевич - кандидат медицинских наук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории диагностики аутоиммунных заболеваний НМЦ молекулярной медицины.</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir D. Nazarov - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Autoimmune Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University.</p><p>6-8, Lev Tolstoy St., St Petersburg, 197022.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nazarov19932@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0830-3797</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беляев Михаил Алексеевич - кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель отделения абдоминальной онкологии НИИ хирургии и неотложной медицины.</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Belyaev - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Abdominal Oncology at the Research Institute of Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University.</p><p>6-8, Lev Tolstoy St., St Petersburg, 197022.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">8628926@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8514-5377</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаренко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захаренко Александр Анатольевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель отдела онкохирургии НИИ хирургии и неотложной медицины, заместитель главного врача по онкологии.</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Zakharenko - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Oncosurgery, Research Institute of Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University.</p><p>6-8, Lev Tolstoy St., St Petersburg, 197022.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">9516183@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6080-8042</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орлов Сергей Владимирович - член- корреспондент РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела клинической онкологии, ПСПбГМУ им. ак. И.П. Павлова; директор, НИИ медицинской приматологии.</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8; 354376, Краснодарский край, с. Веселое, ул. Мира, д. 177.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Orlov - Corr. Member RAS, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Leading Researcher of the Clinical Oncology Department, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Director, Research Institute of Medical Primatology.</p><p>6-8, Lev Tolstoy St., St Petersburg, 197022; 177, Mira St., Veseloe Village, Krasnodar Region, 354376.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">orloff-sv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова; Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской приматологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Research Institute of Medical Primatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>139</fpage><lpage>146</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Оганян К.А., Мусаелян А.А., Котикова М.А., Лапин С.В., Назаров В.Д., Беляев М.А., Захаренко А.А., Орлов С.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Оганян К.А., Мусаелян А.А., Котикова М.А., Лапин С.В., Назаров В.Д., Беляев М.А., Захаренко А.А., Орлов С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Oganyan K.A., Musaelyan A.A., Kotikova M.A., Lapin S.V., Nazarov V.D., Belyaev M.A., Zakharenko A.A., Orlov S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6926">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6926</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Появление маркеров, определяющих выбор терапии при метастатическом колоректальном раке (КРР), привело к увеличению общей выживаемости. Оптимальная тактика лечения теперь учитывает как клинические, так и генетические характеристики опухоли.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Исследовать особенности мутаций в генах KRAS, NRAS, BRAF и амплификации HER2 в зависимости от микросателлитной нестабильности (МСН) при КРР.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование включало 400 больных КРР, которым определена МСН, мутации BRAF, KRAS и NRAS. МСН определялась фрагментным анализом, а мутации в генах KRAS, NRAS, BRAF - ПЦР в реальном времени. У 100 пациентов с отрицательным RAS/BRAF была определена амплификация HER2. Всем пациентам с МСН определялись транслокации NTRK. Данные о предоперационном уровне РЭА и CA19-9 получены у 185 пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Распространенность МСН составила 6,8%. Распространенность мутаций KRAS, NRAS, BRAF при КРР с МСН была равна 66,7%, а при КРР с отсутствием - 52,3%. У пациентов с МСН уровень РЭА был ниже, чем у МСН-отрицательных больных (p = 0,0061). Общая распространенность мутаций KRAS и NRAS составила 45% и 2,5%, общая распространенность мутации BRAF V600E - 5,8%, при этом она чаще встречалась в опухолях с МСН (p &lt; 0,0001). Вне зависимости от МСН BRAF-положительные опухоли характеризовались правосторонней локализацией (р &lt; 0,0001), категорией T3-4 (p = 0,013), поражением лимфатических узлов (p = 0,004), канцероматозом (p = 0,046), высоким уровнем CA19-9 (p = 0,014). Амплификация HER2 была обнаружена в 7% случаев с диким типом RAS/BRAF и была взаимосвязана с раком прямой кишки (p = 0,044), категорией T3-4 (p = 0,041) и отдаленными метастазами (p = 0,038). Амплификаций HER2 и транслокаций NTRK в случаях с МСН не было выявлено.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. КРР с МСН имеет более высокую распространенность мутаций в основных генах. КРР с мутацией BRAF V600E и амплификацией HER2 имеет агрессивные клинико-морфологические параметры.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The emergence of new markers that determine the choice of therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) has led to an increase in overall survival. The optimal treatment tactics now take into account both clinical and molecular-genetic characteristics of the tumor.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Investigation of the features of the KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations and amplification of the HER2 gene depending on microsatellite instability (MSI) in CRC.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 400 patients with CRC. MSI, BRAF V600E mutation, mutations in the KRAS and NRAS genes was identified to them. MSI was determined by fragment analysis, and mutations in the KRAS, NRAS, BRAF genes by realtime PCR. HER2 amplification was determined in 100 patients with a negative RAS/BRAF. NTRK translocations were determined in all patients with MSI. Data on preoperative levels of CEA and CA19-9 were obtained from 185 patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The prevalence of MSI was 6.8%. The prevalence of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF mutations in CRC with MSI was 66.7%, and in CRC with MSS - 52.3%. In patients with MSI, the level of CEA was lower than in MSS (p = 0.0061). The overall prevalence of KRAS and NRAS mutations was 45% and 2.5%. The overall prevalence of the BRAF V600E mutation was 5.8% and was more common in MSI-positive tumors (p &lt; 0.0001). Regardless of MSI, BRAF-positive tumors were characterized by right-sided localization (p &lt; 0.0001), category T3-4 (p = 0.013), lymph node involvement (p = 0.004), carcinomatosis (p = 0.046), high levels of CA19-9 (p = 0.014). HER2 amplification was found in 7% of wild-type RAS/BRAF cases and was associated with rectal cancer (p = 0.044), category T3-4 (p = 0.041), and distant metastases (p = 0.038). HER2 amplifications and NTRK translocations were not detected in cases with MSI.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. MSI-positive CRC had a higher prevalence of mutations in major genes. CRC with the BRAF V600E mutation and HER2 amplification had aggressive clinical and morphological parameters.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>микросателлитная нестабильность</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>NRAS</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd><kwd>HER2</kwd><kwd>NTRK</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>microsatellite instability</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>NRAS</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd><kwd>HER2</kwd><kwd>NTRK</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim S.Y., Kim T.W. Current challenges in the implementation of precision oncology for the management of metastatic colorectal cancer. ESMO Open. 2020;5(2):e000634. https://doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000634.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim S.Y., Kim T.W. 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