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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-11-62-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6957</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕРВНО-ПСИХИЧЕСКИЕ РАССТРОЙСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Бессонница: факторы риска, половозрастные особенности и подходы к терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Insomnia: risk factors, sex- and age-specific features, and therapeutic approaches</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7465-0677</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пизова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pizova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пизова Наталья Вячеславовна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры нервных болезней с медицинской генетикой и нейрохирургией</p><p>150000, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya V. Pizova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Nervous Diseases with Medical Genetics and Neurosurgery</p><p>5, Revolutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pizova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0522-675X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пизов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pizov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пизов Александр Витальевич, кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры медицины</p><p>150000, Ярославль, ул. Республиканская, д. 108/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Pizov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Medicine</p><p>108/1, Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avpizov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9347-1551</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьев</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovyov</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соловьев Игорь Николаевич, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры травматологии и ортопедии</p><p>150000, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor N. Solovyov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics</p><p>5, Revolutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">giper75@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный педагогический университет имени К.Д. Ушинского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пизова Н.В., Пизов А.В., Соловьев И.Н., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пизова Н.В., Пизов А.В., Соловьев И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pizova N.V., Pizov A.V., Solovyov I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6957">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6957</self-uri><abstract><p>Бессонница – это распространенное клиническое состояние, характеризующееся трудностями засыпания или поддержания сна, сопровождающееся такими симптомами, как раздражительность или утомляемость во время бодрствования. Бессонница часто подразделяется на  подтипы по  преобладающему симптому. Бессонница является фактором риска развития других соматических и психических расстройств, таких как цереброваскулярные заболевания, гипертония, сахарный диабет, депрессия, и вызывает увеличение расходов на здравоохранение. Учитывая двунаправленную связь развития бессонницы и других соматических и психических заболеваний, возможно использовать термин «коморбидная бессонница». Этиология и патофизиология бессонницы включают генетические, экологические, поведенческие и физиологические факторы. Целями лечения бессонницы являются улучшение количественных и  качественных аспектов сна, уменьшение дистресса и  беспокойства, связанных с плохим сном, и улучшение дневной функции. Эффективные методы лечения бессонницы включают поведенческие, когнитивные и фармакологические вмешательства. Простые поведенческие вмешательства возможны в учреждениях первичной медико-санитарной помощи, но отсутствие обучения этим методам ограничивает их использование. Среди фармакологических вмешательств больше всего доказательств существует для препаратов-агонистов бензодиазепиновых рецепторов, хотя постоянные опасения сосредоточены на  их безопасности по  сравнению с  умеренной эффективностью. В качестве снотворных используются различные «натуральные» и безрецептурные препараты, например на основе мелатонина. По возможности следует использовать поведенческие методы лечения, а лекарства следует ограничивать минимальными необходимыми дозой и продолжительностью.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Insomnia is a common clinical condition characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, accompanied by symptoms such as irritability or fatigue during wakefulness. Insomnia is often divided into subtypes based on the prevailing symptom. Insomnia is a risk factor for developing other somatic and mental disorders such as cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, depression, and causes increased healthcare costs. Given the bidirectional association of insomnia with the development of other somatic and mental diseases, the term “comorbid insomnia” may be used. The etiology and pathophysiology of insomnia involve genetic, environmental, behavioural, and physiological factors. The goals of insomnia treatment are to improve quantitative and qualitative aspects of sleep, to reduce the distress and anxiety associated with poor sleep, and to improve daytime function. Efficacious treatments for insomnia include behavioural, cognitive, and pharmacological interventions. Simple behavioural interventions may be provided in primary care facilities, but lack of training in these techniques limits their use. Among pharmacological interventions, the most evidence exists for benzodiazepine receptor agonist drugs, although on-going concerns focus on their safety as compared to modest efficacy. Different “natural” and OTC drugs are used as sleeping medications, for instance melatonin-based drugs. Behavioural treatments should be used whenever possible, and drugs should be limited to the lowest necessary dose and shortest necessary duration.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бессонница</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>половозрастные особенности</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>insomnia</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>sex- and age-specific features</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aernout E., Benradia I., Hazo J.B., Sy A., Askevis-Leherpeux F., Sebbane D. et al. International study of the prevalence and factors associated with insomnia in the general population. 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