medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-12-50-57medsovet-6974Research ArticleГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯGASTROENTEROLOGYЗапоры у детей в практике врача-педиатраConstipation in children in the practice of a pediatricianhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3261-1143СафинаА. И.SafinaA. I.

Сафина Асия Ильдусовна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии и неонатологии.

420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 36.

Asiya I. Safina - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Kazan State Medical Academy - a branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education.

36, Butlerov St., Kazan, 420012.

safina_asia@mail.ruКазанская государственная медицинская академия - филиал Российской медицинской академии непрерывного профессионального образованияРоссияKazan State Medical Academy - a branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional EducationRussian Federation2022120720220125057Copyright © Сафина А.И., 20222022Сафина А.И.Safina A.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6974

В настоящее время запор у детей является одной из основных жалоб, которые предъявляют родители на приеме у педиатра. В статье обсуждаются вопросы диагностики и терапии функциональных запоров у детей на основании международных и российских клинических рекомендаций. Приведены главные причины запоров у детей младшего возраста. Возникновение запоров чаще всего обусловлено дискинезией толстой кишки (гипо- и гипермоторные расстройства), нарушением и болезненным актом дефекации (спазм сфинктеров прямой кишки, ослабление тонуса гладкой мускулатуры и др.) или сочетанием этих факторов. В редких случаях причиной запоров являются органические нарушения. Также низкий социально-экономический статус родителей, низкий уровень образования, депрессия, невротизм, отношение родителей к воспитанию, такое как чрезмерная защита, и отношение, способствующее высокому или низкому уровню автономии, повышают риск функциональных запоров. Кроме этого, подробно изложены факторы, приводящие к запору у детей старшего возраста и подростков. Приведен патогенез функциональных запоров, и описана проблема психологического запора. Описана тактика лечения: коррекция питания, соблюдение питьевого режима, поведенческая и медикаментозная терапия. Приводится собственный опыт применения натрия пикосульфата в терапии запоров у детей. Запоры у детей являются распространенной проблемой, в 95% случаев они носят функциональный характер, поэтому чаще всего не требуют уточняющих методов диагностики. В то же время у детей раннего возраста нельзя забывать о возможности органической патологии, пороков развития. Запоры у детей нуждаются в своевременном назначении комплексного лечения.

Constipation in children is currently one of the major complaints that parents present at a pediatrician's appointment. The article discusses the issues of diagnosis and treatment of functional constipation in children based on the international and Russian clinical guidelines. The following are some major causes of constipation in young children. Constipation is most often caused by colon dyskinesia (hypo- and hypermotor disorders), impaired and painful bowel movement (spasm of the rectal sphincters, weakened smooth muscle tone, etc.) or a combination of these factors. In rare cases, the cause of constipation is organic disorders. Also, low parental socio-economic status, low educational level, depression, neuroticism, attitude of parents towards their children's upbringing such as being overprotective, and attitudes that promote high or low levels of autonomy, increase the risk of functional constipation. In addition, the article sets detailed factors leading to constipation in older children and adolescents. The pathogenesis of functional constipation is given, and the problem of psychological constipation is described. The outlined therapeutic approach includes dietary intervention, compliance with drinking water treatment, behavioural and drug therapy. The author presents its own experience of using sodium picosulfate to treat constipation in children. Constipation in children is a common problem, functional constipation accounts for 95% of cases, therefore in most cases they do not require clarifying diagnostic methods. Besides, you shouldn't forget about the possibility of organic pathology, malformations in young children. Constipation in children requires the timely administration of complex treatment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.