References

medsovet

Медицинский Совет

Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council

2079-701X2658-5790

REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.

10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-12-58-63

medsovet-6980

Research Article

ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ

GASTROENTEROLOGY

Особенности функционального состава козьего молока и его значение в качестве основы для детских смесей

Features of the functional composition of goat's milk and its importance as the basis for infant formula

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4598

Захарова

И. Н.

Zakharova

I. N.

Захарова Ирина Николаевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского.

125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1.

Irina N. Zakharova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honoured Doctor of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education.

2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993.

zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9524-8724

Цуцаева

А. Н.

Tsutsaeva

A. N.

Цуцаева Анна Николаевна – кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры факультетской педиатрии, СтГМУ; врач-педиатр, КДКБ.

355017, Ставрополь, ул. Мира, д. 310; 355029, Ставрополь, ул. Семашко, д. 3.

Anna N. Tsutsaeva - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant of the Department of Pediatrics, Stavropol State Medical University; Pediatrician, Regional Children's Clinical Hospital.

310, Mira St., Stavropol, 355017; 3, Semashko St., 355029, Stavropol.

a.nicolaevnakasjanova@yandex.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7248-1614

Климов

Л. Я.

Klimov

L. Ya.

Климов Леонид Яковлевич - доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой факультетской педиатрии.

355017, Ставрополь, ул. Мира, д. 310.

Leonid Ya. Klimov - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatrics, Stavropol State Medical University.

310, Mira St., Stavropol, 355017.

klimov_leo@mail.ru

Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образованияРоссияRussian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationRussian Federation

Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет; Краевая детская клиническая больницаРоссияStavropol State Medical University; Regional Children’s Clinical HospitalRussian Federation

Ставропольский государственный медицинский университетРоссияStavropol State Medical UniversityRussian Federation

2022

12072022

0125863

2022

Захарова И.Н., Цуцаева А.Н., Климов Л.Я.

Zakharova I.N., Tsutsaeva A.N., Klimov L.Y.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6980

Козье молоко в питании человека имеет долгую историю использования. На сегодняшний день имеется множество исследований, посвященных изучению функциональных свойств и питательной ценности козьего молока и его значения в производстве различных молочных продуктов. Раньше нативное козье молоко широко использовалось в питании детей раннего возраста при отсутствии возможности грудного вскармливания. Однако на сегодняшний день практика кормления немодифицированным козьим молоком, равно как и коровьим, младенцев младше 12 мес. настоятельно не рекомендуется, поскольку это сопряжено с риском нарушения электролитного баланса, дефицита железа, фолиевой кислоты и витамина B12. Коммерческое производство смесей, приготовленных на основе козьего молока, началось в 1980-е гг., и на сегодняшний день имеется множество исследований, демонстрирующих безопасность и эффективность применения данных смесей. В обзоре представлены данные современных исследований о составе и функциональных свойствах отдельных компонентов козьего молока и смесей на его основе. Подробно описан белковый и аминокислотный состав козьего молока, а также особенности его влияния на формирование кишечной микробиоты младенца. Представлены исследования, изучающие олигосахариды козьего молока и их сходство с олигосахаридами женского молока. Продемонстрирована характеристика жирового профиля козьего молока. В качестве примера адаптированной молочной смеси на основе козьего молока представлена формула, разработанная с учетом всех стандартов. Жировой профиль представленной смеси модифицирован за счет включения в состав запатентованного липидного комплекса, состоящего из β-пальмитата. Помимо этого, в состав представленной смеси включены олигосахариды - галакто- и фруктоолигосахариды, благодаря наличию которых обеспечивается формирование оптимальной кишечной микробиоты.

Goat milk has a long history of use in human nutrition. There are currently many studies examining the functional characteristics and nutritional value of goat milk and its importance in the production of various dairy products. Before, native goat milk was widely used for feeding young children if the breastfeeding was impossible. To date, however, the practice of feeding unmodified goat milk, as well as cow milk, to infants under 12 months of age is strongly discouraged, as this leaves them exposed to the risk of electrolyte imbalance, as well as iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 deficiencies. Commercial production of formulas based on goat milk began in the 1980s, and since then there have been many studies which show the safety and effectiveness of these formulas. The review provides the latest evidenced-based information on the composition and functional properties of individual components of the goat milk and goat milk formulas. The protein and amino acid composition of goat milk, as well as the features of its effects on the formation of the infant's intestinal microbiota, are described in detail. The studies investigating goat milk oligosaccharides and their similarity to human milk oligosaccharides are presented. The characteristics of the goat milk fat profile have been demonstrated. As an example of an adapted goat milk formula, a formula designed to meet all standards is presented. The fat profile of the presented formula is modified by introducing a patented lipid complex consisting of β-palmitate in its composition. In addition, the presented formula composition includes such oligosaccharides as galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides, which availability ensure the formation of an optimal intestinal microbiota.

козье молокозаменитель женского молокамолочные смесипитание детейолигосахаридыβ-пальмитат

goat milkhuman milk substitutemilk formulasinfant nutritionoligosaccharidesβ-palmitate

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.