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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-14-219-227</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-7042</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Туберкулез яичка и его придатка</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tuberculosis of the testis and its appendages</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8062-7775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кульчавеня</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulchavenya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кульчавеня Екатерина Валерьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, Новосибирский научно-исследовательский институт туберкулеза; профессор кафедры туберкулеза, Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет; научный руководитель отдела урологии, Медицинский центр «Авиценна»</p><p>630040, Новосибирск, Охотская ул., д. 81, лит. А,</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, д. 52,</p><p>630004, Новосибирск, проспект Дмитрова, д. 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Kulchavenya, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief Researcher, Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute; Professor of the Department of Tuberculosis, Novosibirsk State Medical University; Scientific Director of the Department of Urology, Medical Center “Avicenna”</p><p>81, letter A, Okhotskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630040,</p><p>52, Krasny Ave., Novosibirsk, 630091,</p><p>7, Dmitrov Ave., Novosibirsk, 630004</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">urotub@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новосибирский научно-исследовательский институт туберкулеза; &#13;
Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет; &#13;
Медицинский центр «Авиценна»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute; &#13;
Novosibirsk State Medical University; &#13;
Medical Center “Avicenna”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>14</issue><fpage>219</fpage><lpage>227</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кульчавеня Е.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кульчавеня Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulchavenya E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7042">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7042</self-uri><abstract><p>Туберкулез мочеполовой системы не теряет своей актуальности. За годы пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции число вновь выявленных случаев туберкулеза всех локализаций снизилось, но произошло утяжеление их структуры и рост смертности. Большая вариабельность данных по статистике урогенитального туберкулеза (УГТ). Истинная частота туберкулеза скротальных органов неизвестна, в конце прошлого века полагали, что она составляет 7% от всех случаев туберкулеза. Считается, что на долю изолированного туберкулеза половых органов мужчин приходится не более 30% от всех локализаций УГТ, причем наиболее часто туберкулез развивается в придатке яичка. Распространение M. tuberculosis на органы мошонки, как правило, происходит гематогенным путем из первичного очага в легких или в почке. Однако инфекция также может распространяться ретроградно из предстательной железы и семенных везикул в придатки и яички. Туберкулез яичка и его придатка часто осложняется бесплодием и формированием свищей. Это заболевание не имеет патогномоничных симптомов. Дифференциальная диагностика проводится между туберкулезным эпидидимоорхитом, опухолью яичка, перекрутом яичка, бактериальным эпидидимоорхитом. Ультразвуковое исследование имеет большую диагностическую ценность при туберкулезе скротальных органов. Ультразвуковую картину при туберкулезе яичка и его придатка подразделяют на 4 типа: диффузное увеличение, неоднородная гипоэхогенность; диффузное увеличение, однородная гипоэхогенность; узловое увеличение, неоднородная гипоэхогенность; милиарная диссеминация. В мировой литературе не описан пример туберкулеза скротальных органов, когда заболевание было бы диагностировано при первичном обращении пациента к врачу. В результате несвоевременной диагностики или низкой настороженности в отношении туберкулеза до  70% пациентов подвергаются ненужному хирургическому вмешательству, хотя туберкулезный орхоэпидидимит может быть излечен медикаментозно. Также в лекции проанализирован ряд клинических наблюдений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Tuberculosis of the genitourinary system has not lost its relevance. During the years of the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection, the number of newly diagnosed cases of tuberculosis of all localizations has decreased, but their structure has become more severe and mortality has increased. There is a wide variation in the statistics of urogenital tuberculosis (UGT) in the literature. The true incidence of scrotal tuberculosis is not known; at the end of the last century, it was believed that it was 7% of all cases of tuberculosis. It is believed that the share of isolated tuberculosis of the genital organs of men accounts for no more than 30% of all localizations of UGT, and most often tuberculosis develops in the epididymis. The spread of M.  tuberculosis to the organs of  the scrotum, as a rule, occurs by the hematogenous route from the primary focus in the lungs or kidney. However, the infection can also spread retrogradely from the prostate and seminal vesicles to the epididymis and  testicles. Tuberculosis of the testis and its epididymis is often complicated by infertility and the formation of fistulas. This disease has no pathognomonic symptoms. Differential diagnosis is carried out between tuberculous epididymo-orchitis, testicular tumor, testicular torsion, bacterial epididymo-orchitis. Ultrasound examination is of great diagnostic value in tuberculosis of the scrotal organs. The ultrasound picture in tuberculosis of the testis and its epididymis is divided into 4 types: diffuse enlargement, heterogeneous hypoechogenicity; diffuse increase, uniform hypoechogenicity; nodular enlargement, heterogeneous hypoechogenicity; miliary dissemination. The world literature does not describe an example of tuberculosis of  the scrotal organs, when the disease would be diagnosed during the  patient’s initial visit to the doctor. As a result of late diagnosis or low suspicion for TB, up to 70% of patients undergo unnecessary surgery, although TB orchiepididymitis can be treated medically. The lecture also analyzed a number of clinical observations.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>урогенитальный туберкулез</kwd><kwd>туберкулез мужских половых органов</kwd><kwd>туберкулез яичка</kwd><kwd>туберкулез придатка яичка</kwd><kwd>туберкулезный эпидидимит</kwd><kwd>туберкулезный орхоэпидидимит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urogenital tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis of the male genital organs</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis of the testis</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis of the epididymis</kwd><kwd>tuberculous epididymitis</kwd><kwd>tuberculous orchiepididymitis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильева И.А., Тестов В.В., Стерликов С.А. 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