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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-18-90-94</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-7125</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ФАРМАКОТЕРАПИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кашель: некоторые аспекты патогенеза и терапевтические подходы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cough: some aspects of pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5536-9388</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чикина</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chikina</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чикина Светлана Юрьевна, кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры пульмонологии, Институт клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana Yu. Chikina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of Pulmonology Department, Integramed LLC; Assistant Lecturer</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinic@integramed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>18</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чикина С.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чикина С.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chikina S.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7125">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7125</self-uri><abstract><p>Данная статья представляет собой обзор литературы, посвященный проблемам ведения больных с  острым кашлем. Представлены классификация кашля, основные причины острого и подострого кашля, современный взгляд на этиологию и патогенез хронического кашля. Кашель – важный защитный механизм, однако при острых и хронических заболеваниях бронхолегочной системы кашель существенно снижает качество жизни и вызывает многочисленные осложнения. Наиболее распространенной причиной острого и подострого кашля являются респираторные вирусы. В настоящее время хронический кашель объясняется теорией кашлевой гиперчувствительности, согласно которой хронический рефрактерный кашель представляет собой результат повышенной чувствительности кашлевых рецепторов. До  установления причины хронического кашля, а также при лечении больных с острым и подострым кашлем часто требуется симптоматическая терапия с применением супрессантов кашля, которые устраняют повышенную активность кашлевого рефлекса до нормального уровня независимо от этиологии кашля, хотя и не влияют на патофизиологические механизмы кашля, либо с использованием комбинированных препаратов с супрессивным и отхаркивающим эффектом. Периферические супрессанты снижают активность периферических кашлевых рецепторов слизистой оболочки верхних дыхательных путей за счет смягчения, увлажнения и обволакивания. К  центральным супрессантам кашля относится бутамират. Центральные ненаркотические супрессанты кашля в  разнообразных комбинациях с  муко- и  бронхолитиками и  антигистаминными препаратами входят в  состав многих противокашлевых средств. Бутамират обладает неспецифическим антихолинергическим и, следовательно, бронходилатирующим эффектом. В статье представлен обзор клинических исследований эффективности бутамирата.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article is a literature review on the management of patients with acute cough. The classification of cough, the main causes of acute and subacute cough, the current view on the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic cough are presented. Cough is an important protective mechanism, but in acute and chronic diseases of the bronchopulmonary system cough significantly reduces the quality of life and causes numerous complications. The most common cause of acute and subacute cough is respiratory viruses. Chronic cough is currently explained by the theory of cough hypersensitivity, according to which chronic refractory cough is the result of hypersensitivity of the cough receptors. Before the cause of chronic cough is identified, and when treating patients with acute and subacute cough, symptomatic therapy with cough suppressants that eliminate increased cough reflex activity to normal levels regardless of cough etiology, although not affecting the pathophysiological mechanisms of cough, or with combined drugs with suppressant and expectorant effects, is often required. Peripheral suppressants reduce the activity of peripheral cough receptors of the upper airway mucosa by softening, moistening and enveloping. Central cough suppressants include butamirate. Central non-narcotic cough suppressants in various combinations with muco- and bronchodilators and antihistamines form part of many anti-cough medicines. Butamirate has a non-specific anticholinergic and therefore bronchodilator effect. This article presents a review of clinical studies on the efficacy of butamirate.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый кашель</kwd><kwd>супрессанты кашля</kwd><kwd>центральные супрессанты</kwd><kwd>периферические супрессанты</kwd><kwd>бутамират</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute cough</kwd><kwd>cough suppressants</kwd><kwd>central suppressants</kwd><kwd>peripheral suppressants</kwd><kwd>butamirate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raj A.A., Birring S.S. Clinical assessment of chronic cough severity. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2007;20(4):334–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2006.10.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raj A.A., Birring S.S. Clinical assessment of chronic cough severity. 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