medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-19-139-145medsovet-7177Research ArticleШКОЛА ПЕДИАТРАPEDIATRICIAN SCHOOLСовременный взгляд на клиническую ценность исследования ротовой жидкости в практике врача-педиатраA modern view on the clinical value of the study of oral fluid in the practice of a pediatricianhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1430-6708БорисоваО. В.BorisovaO. V.

Борисова Ольга Вячеславовна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой детских инфекций

 443099, Россия, Самара, ул. Чапаевская, д. 89 

Olga V. Borisova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Children’s Infections

89, Chapaevskaya St., Samara, 443099, Russia 

o.v.borisova@samsmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3934-8699МаковецкаяГ. А.MakovetskayaG. A.

Маковецкая Галина Андреевна, д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, профессор кафедры госпитальной педиатрии

 443099, Россия, Самара, ул. Чапаевская, д. 89 

Galina A. Makovetskaya, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honored Scientist of Russia, Professor of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics 

89, Chapaevskaya St., Samara, 443099, Russia 

gmakovetskaya@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5992-3609ГильмияроваФ. Н.GilmiarovaF. N.

Гильмиярова Фрида Насыровна, д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, профессор кафедры фундаментальной и клинической биохимии с лабораторной диагностикой

 443099, Россия, Самара, ул. Чапаевская, д. 89 

Frida N. Gilmiarova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honored Scientist of Russia, Professor of the Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry with Laboratory Diagnostics 

89, Chapaevskaya St., Samara, 443099, Russia 

f.n.gilmiyarova@samsmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-5330СелезневаИ. А.SeleznevaI. A.

Селезнева Инна Александровна, д.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры фундаментальной и клинической биохимии с лабораторной диагностикой

 443099, Россия, Самара, ул. Чапаевская, д. 89 

Inna A. Selezneva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry with Laboratory Diagnostics 

89, Chapaevskaya St., Samara, 443099, Russia 

i.a.selezneva@samsmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4373-0703МазурЛ. И.MazurL. I.

Мазур Лилия Ильинична, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой госпитальной педиатрии

 443099, Россия, Самара, ул. Чапаевская, д. 89 

Liliya I. Mazur, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics 

89, Chapaevskaya St., Samara, 443099, Russia 

l.i.mazur@samsmu.ruЖирновВ. А.ZhirnovV. A.

 Жирнов Виталий Александрович, д.м.н., доцент, профессор кафедры госпитальной педиатрии 

 443099, Россия, Самара, ул. Чапаевская, д. 89 

Vitaly A. Zhirnov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics 

89, Chapaevskaya St., Samara, 443099, Russia 

v.a.zhirnov@samsmu.ruРешетоваС. Н.ReshetovaS. N.

Решетова Светлана Николаевна, аспирант кафедры госпитальной педиатрии

 443099, Россия, Самара, ул. Чапаевская, д. 89 

Svetlana N. Reshetova, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics 

89, Chapaevskaya St., Samara, 443099, Russia 

s.n.reshetova@samsmu.ruСамарский государственный медицинский университетРоссияSamara State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202215112022019139145Copyright © Борисова О.В., Маковецкая Г.А., Гильмиярова Ф.Н., Селезнева И.А., Мазур Л.И., Жирнов В.А., Решетова С.Н., 20222022Борисова О.В., Маковецкая Г.А., Гильмиярова Ф.Н., Селезнева И.А., Мазур Л.И., Жирнов В.А., Решетова С.Н.Borisova O.V., Makovetskaya G.A., Gilmiarova F.N., Selezneva I.A., Mazur L.I., Zhirnov V.A., Reshetova S.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7177

В настоящее время актуализировано внимание врачебного сообщества к неинвазивному методу лабораторной диагностики – исследованию ротовой жидкости (пероральной, слюны, салива-теста) в различных областях клинической медицины и преимущественно у взрослых пациентов. Тестирование слюны показало хорошие результаты, особенно в области геномики, микробиомики, протеомики, метаболомики и транскриптомики. В обзоре представлены возможности использования неинвазивного метода при инфекционных и неинфекционных заболеваниях у детей. Слюна содержит широкий спектр белковых ДНК- и РНК-биомаркеров, которые помогают в выявлении множества вирусных инфекций у детей. Анализы ротовой жидкости на вирус иммунодефицита человека, вирус гепатита В улучшили доступ к диагностике для младенцев. Как серологические, так и молекулярные анализы ротовой жидкости подходят для рутинного обследования и раннего выявления РНК вируса кори, полиомавирусов и др. В слюне детей с COVID-19 обнаружена экспрессия рецептора ангиотензинпревращающего фермента-2, что может использоваться для диагностики SARS-CoV-2. Тест со слюной столь же эффективен, как и стандартный тест при выявлении бессимптомных лиц при отслеживании контактов. Возможности саливадиагностики положительно оценены в трансплантологии. Выявлены новые биомаркеры в слюне для диагностики многих соматических заболеваний у детей. Показана роль ротовой жидкости в качестве альтернативы сыворотки крови у пациентов с терминальной почечной недостаточностью, хронической болезнью почек (определение креатинина, мочевины) как у взрослых, так и детей. Полученные данные могут повлиять на рекомендации по лечению больных. Как неинвазивный метод исследование ротовой жидкости перспективно для диагностики, прогноза, мониторинга заболеваний, масштабного типирования детей и поиска новых биомаркеров.

Currently, the attention of the medical community to a non-invasive method of laboratory diagnostics - the study of oral fluid (oral, saliva, saliva test) in various fields of clinical medicine and mainly in adult patients has been updated. Saliva testing has shown good results, especially in the areas of genomics, microbiomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics. The review presents the possibilities of using a non-invasive method for infectious and non-infectious diseases in children. Saliva contains a wide range of protein DNA and RNA biomarkers that help detect many viral infections in children. Oral fluid tests for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus have improved access to diagnostics for infants. Both serological and molecular analyzes of the oral fluid are suitable for routine examination and early detection of measles virus RNA, polyomaviruses. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor expression was found in the saliva of children with COVID-19, which can be used to diagnose SARS-CoV-2. The saliva test is as effective as the standard test at identifying asymptomatic individuals in contact tracing. The possibilities of saliva diagnostics are positively assessed in transplantology. New biomarkers in saliva have been identified for the diagnosis of many somatic diseases in children. The role of oral fluid as an alternative to blood serum in patients with terminal renal failure, chronic kidney disease (determination of creatinine, urea) in both adults and children is shown. The data obtained may influence the recommendations for the treatment of patients. As a non-invasive method, the study of oral fluid is promising for the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring of diseases, large-scale typing of children, and the search for new biomarkers.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.