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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-21-54-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-7204</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОГНИТИВНЫЕ РАССТРОЙСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COGNITIVE DISRODERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Цереброваскулярные заболевания и когнитивные нарушения: подходы к терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment: therapy approaches</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7465-0677</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пизова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pizova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пизова Наталия Вячеславовна, д.м.н., профессор, профессор кафедры нервных болезней с медицинской генетикой и нейрохирургией </p><p>150000, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliia V. Pizova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Professor of the Department of Nervous Diseases with Medical Genetics and Neurosurgery </p><p>5, Revolutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pizova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Ярославский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>21</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пизова Н.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пизова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pizova N.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7204">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7204</self-uri><abstract><p>Проблема церебральной сосудистой патологии является одной из наиболее социально значимых в современном мире, и Россия не является исключением. Цереброваскулярные заболевания отличаются широкой распространенностью, высокой частотой смертности и инвалидизации. Они имеют огромную значимость с точки зрения здоровья не только каждого отдельного человека, но и нации в целом. Острые или хронические нарушения мозгового кровообращения закономерно возникают при атеросклерозе магистральных артерий головы, гипертонической болезни, других заболеваниях сердечно-сосудистой системы. Данные факторы вызывают патологию крупных и мелких церебральных сосудов, приводя к хронической ишемии головного мозга и (или) острым нарушениям мозгового кровообращения с повреждением различных структур головного мозга. Когнитивные расстройства, вероятно, являются самым частым проявлением сосудистой мозговой недостаточности. Выраженность когнитивных нарушений может значительно варьировать в зависимости от стадии процесса и тяжести основного сосудистого заболевания – от легких когнитивные нарушений до деменции. Сосудистые когнитивные нарушения могут быть вызваны несколькими механизмами. Болезнь мелких сосудов является одним из патологических состояний, которые вызывают развитие когнитивных нарушений и деменции. Другими проявлениями сосудистых нарушений кровообращения головного мозга может быть мультиинфарктная, гипоперфузионная, геморрагическая, наследственная, смешанная деменция. Текущие стратегии ведения пациентов с сосудистыми когнитивными нарушениями и деменцией включают симптоматическое лечение, управление факторами риска и немедикаментозные подходы, направленные на предотвращение их прогрессирования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The issue of cerebral vascular pathology is one of the most important social problems in the modern world, and Russia is no exception. Cerebrovascular diseases are distinguished by high prevalence, mortality and disability rates. They are of great importance from a health perspective of not only each individual, but total nation. Acute or chronic disorders of cerebral circulation naturally results from atherosclerosis of the major arteries of the head, hypertensive disease, and other cardiovascular diseases. These factors cause pathology of large and small cerebral vessels, which leads to chronic cerebral ischemia and (or) acute cerebrovascular accident with damage to various brain structures. Cognitive impairment is probably the most common presentation of cerebrovascular insufficiency. The severity of cognitive impairment can vary significantly depending on the stage of the condition and the severity of the underlying vascular disease - from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Vascular cognitive impairment can be caused by several mechanisms. Small vessel ischemic disease is one of the pathological conditions that cause the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. Other presentations of cerebrovascular disorders can include multi-infarction, hypoperfusion, hemorrhagic, hereditary and mixed dementia. Current strategies for the management of patients with vascular cognitive impairment and dementia include symptomatic treatment, risk factor management, and non-pharmacological approaches aimed at preventing their progression.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цереброваскулярные заболевания</kwd><kwd>сосудистые когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>сосудистая деменция</kwd><kwd>мозговой резерв</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebrovascular disease</kwd><kwd>vascular cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>vascular dementia</kwd><kwd>brain reserve</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feigin V.L., Forouzanfar M.H., Krishnamurthi R., Mensah G.A., Connor M., Bennett D.A. et al. Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990–2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. 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