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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-23-33-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-7288</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕВРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Когнитивные расстройства у пациентов с цереброваскулярными заболеваниями в терапевтической практике: алгоритмы диагностики и ведения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cognitive disorders in patients with cerebrovascular diseases in therapeutic practice: diagnostic and management algorithms</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-4275</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкова</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkova</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шишкова Вероника Николаевна – доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, руководитель отдела профилактики когнитивных и психоэмоциональных нарушений.</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., д. 10, стр. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veronika N. Shishkova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Head of the Department of Prevention  of Cognitive and Psychoemotional Disorders, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine.</p><p>10, Bldg. 3, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">veronika-1306@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>23</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шишкова В.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шишкова В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shishkova V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7288">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7288</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящем  обзоре   обобщаются  основные  современные  данные  о  патогенезе   когнитивных нарушений  у пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми  и цереброваскулярными заболеваниями,  объединяющие как развитие тяжелых форм – деменция, так и ранних недементных форм когнитивных нарушений. Подробно обсуждаются факторы риска, в т. ч. ятрогенные, и механизмы развития различных форм когнитивных нарушений при сосудистых патологиях. Приводится определение когнитивных функций человека  и современная классификация  когнитивных нарушений, применяемая   в  реальной  клинической практике. Подробно рассматриваются клинические аспекты когнитивных нарушений в терапевтической практике с фокусом на разбор  широкого спектра специфических жалоб, отражающих вероятность наличия когнитивных нарушений и некогнитивных симптомов, с учетом актуальных отечественных клинических рекомендаций профессиональных сообществ. Подробно рассматриваются возможные ятрогенные факторы, ухудшающие состояние когнитивных функций, включая оценку антихолинергической лекарственной  нагрузки на пациента, приводится стратегия выявления и решения данной проблемы в рамках терапевтического  приема. Представлен  алгоритмированный  подход  к выявлению  недементных  когнитивных нарушений у пациентов на фоне цереброваскулярной патологии специалистами терапевтического профиля, работающими в первичном амбулаторном  звене   здравоохранения. Подробно  рассматриваются  возможности  лабораторного   и  инструментального обследования  пациентов с целью выявления обратимых форм когнитивных нарушений. Оценивается перспектива  выбора профилактических  немедикаментозных и медикаментозных  подходов,  а  также возможности  терапевтической  стратегии в отношении применения препаратов, улучшающих функционирование центральной нервной системы при ведении пациентов с цереброваскулярными заболеваниями в зависимости от вида когнитивного нарушения в практике врача-терапевта.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review summaries  the main present-day knowledge  on the pathogenesis of cognitive impairement in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,  combining  both the development of severe  forms such as dementia, and early non-dementia forms of cognitive  impairment.  Risk factors, including  iatrogenic  ones, and the  mechanisms of development of various forms of cognitive impairment in patients with vascular pathologies are discussed  in detail. The definition of human cognitive functions and the modern classification  of cognitive impairment used in real clinical practice are given.  The clinical aspects  of cognitive impairment  in the  therapeutic practice  with a focus on the  review of a wide range  of specific complaints,  reflecting  the  likelihood  of cognitive impairment and non-cognitive symptoms are considered in detail, taking into account the current national  clinical guidelines of professional communities. Possible iatrogenic  factors that worsen the state  of cognitive functions, including an assessment of the anticholinergic drug load on the patient  are discussed  in detail, and a strategy for identifying and solving this issue as part of a therapeutic approach is provided. An algorithmic approach to the identification of non-dementia cognitive impairment in patients with cerebrovascular pathology  is presented by therapeutic specialists  working in the  primary outpatient healthcare sector. The laboratory and instrumental examination options for patients to identify reversible forms of cognitive impairment are considered in detail. The prospective of choosing preventive  non-drug and drug approaches, as well as the therapeutic strategy options for the use  of drugs  that  improve  the  central  nervous  system  functioning  during  management of patients with  cerebrovascular diseases, depending on the type of cognitive impairment in the general  practitioner practice are assessed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивные функции</kwd><kwd>цереброваскулярное заболевание</kwd><kwd>сосудистая деменция</kwd><kwd>умеренные когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>профилактика когнитивных нарушений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive functions</kwd><kwd>cerebrovascular disease</kwd><kwd>vascular dementia</kwd><kwd>moderate cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>prevention of cognitive impairment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткачева О.Н., Яхно Н.Н., Незнанов Н.Г., Левин О.С., Гусев Е.И., Мартынов М.Ю. и др. 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