<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2022-018</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-7353</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕОНАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEONATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прогнозирование нарушений костного метаболизма у недоношенных детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prediction of bone metabolism disorders in premature babies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1890-2470</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дружинина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Druzhinina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дружинина Наталья Анатольевна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры педиатрии с курсом института дополнительного профессионального образования.</p><p>450008, Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya A. Druzhinina - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Paediatrics with an Institute of Continuing Professional Education Course, Bashkir State Medical University.</p><p>3, Lenin St., Ufa, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">druzh51@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9037-7124</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мерзлякова</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merzlyakova</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мерзлякова Динара Рафкатовна - аспирант кафедры педиатрии с курсом института дополнительного профессионального образования, БГМУ; врач-педиатр кабинета катамнеза, РДКБ.</p><p>450008, Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3; 450106, Уфа, ул. Степана Кувыкина, д. 98</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dinara R. Merzlyakova - Postgraduate Student of the Department of Paediatrics with an Institute of Continuing Professional Education Course, Bashkir State Medical University; Paediatrician of the Catamnesis Office, Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital</p><p>3, Lenin St., Ufa, 450008; 98, Stepan Kuvykin St., Ufa, 450106</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dinara-merzlykova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9452-0901</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вахитова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vakhitova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вахитова Гульназ Абрековна - кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры педиатрии с курсом института дополнительного профессионального образования.</p><p>450008, Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulnaz A. Vakhitova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant of the Department of Pediatrics with an Institute of Continuing Professional Education Course, Bashkir State Medical University.</p><p>3, Lenin St., Ufa, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vgafn@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1210-6588</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гилязова</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilyazova</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гилязова Гульнара Газимовна - заведующая отделением лабораторной диагностики.</p><p>450106, Уфа, ул. Степана Кувыкина, д. 98</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulnara G. Gilyazova - Head of the Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital.</p><p>98, Stepan Kuvykin St., Ufa, 450106</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grandufa347@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-9608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шакирова</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakirova</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шакирова Лилия Гаязовна - врач иммунолог-аллерголог, Республиканская детская клиническая больница.</p><p>450106, Уфа, ул. Степана Кувыкина, д. 98</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liliya G. Shakirova - Doctor of the Department of Immunology and Allergology, Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital.</p><p>98, Stepan Kuvykin St., Ufa, 450106</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lilechka08@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0460-2602</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайретдинова</surname><given-names>Т. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khayretdinova</surname><given-names>T. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хайретдинова Татьяна Борисовна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры педиатрии с курсом института дополнительного профессионального образования.</p><p>450008, Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana B. Khayretdinova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Paediatrics with an Institute of Continuing Professional Education Course, Bashkir State Medical University.</p><p>3, Lenin St., Ufa, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctor-76@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет; Республиканская детская клиническая больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University; Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканская детская клиническая больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дружинина Н.А., Мерзлякова Д.Р., Вахитова Г.А., Гилязова Г.Г., Шакирова Л.Г., Хайретдинова Т.Б., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дружинина Н.А., Мерзлякова Д.Р., Вахитова Г.А., Гилязова Г.Г., Шакирова Л.Г., Хайретдинова Т.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Druzhinina N.A., Merzlyakova D.R., Vakhitova G.A., Gilyazova G.G., Shakirova L.G., Khayretdinova T.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7353">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7353</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Недоношенные новорожденные страдают остеопенией, которую ученые связывают с недостаточностью витамина D. Его дефицит приводит к нарушению развития, успешность которого зависит от первых лет жизни. С учетом роста числа рожденных после экстракорпорального оплодотворения недоношенных детей возникает вопрос риска возникновения у них недостаточности витамина D.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Установить факторы риска и разработать прогностические таблицы по недостаточности витамина D у недоношенных новорожденных первых 3 лет жизни, родившихся методом экстракорпорального оплодотворения и естественным путем.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Нами изучены недоношенные новорожденные (n = 189), которых мы распределили на 2 группы, рожденные методом экстракорпорального оплодотворения и естественным путем (группа сравнения). В каждой группе выделяли 2 подгруппы младенцев. В основной группе экстракорпорального оплодотворения в 1-ю подгруппу включены новорожденные с весом 1000–1500 г (n = 52), а во 2-ю – весом менее 1000 г (n = 49). Группа сравнения включала младенцев, рожденных естественным путем с массой тела 1000–1500 г (n = 46) и с массой тела меньше 1000 г (n = 42).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Недостаточность витамина D выявлена у 67,7 ± 4,8% недоношенных новорожденных на первом году жизни. Анализ в 2 года показал, что при постоянном приеме витамина D в дозе 1000 МЕ/сут уровень кальцидиола стабилизировался до нормальных показателей. Наиболее чувствительной группой в отношении недостаточности витамина D считаются недоношенные дети на искусственном и смешанном вскармливании. Факторы, связанные с экстракорпоральным оплодотворением, не показали статистически достоверного воздействия на возникновение дефицита витамина D у недоношенных детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Для семейных врачей, участковых педиатров и неонатологов предложены практические прогностические таблицы для индивидуальной оценки риска возникновения нарушений костного метаболизма у недоношенных детей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Premature newborns suffer from osteopenia, which scientists attribute to vitamin D deficiency. Its deficiency leads to impaired development, the success of which depends on the first years of life. Given the increase in the number of premature babies born after in vitro fertilization, the question arises regarding the risk of them developing vitamin D deficiency.</p><p>Aim to establish risk factors and develop prognostic tables for vitamin D deficiency in premature infants of the first three years of life born by in vitro fertilization and naturally.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We studied premature newborns (n = 189), which we divided into two groups, born by in vitro fertilization and naturally (comparison group). In each group, two subgroups of infants were identified. In the main in vitro fertilization group, the 1st subgroup included newborns weighing 1,000–1,500 g (n = 52), and the 2nd – weighing less than 1,000 g (n = 49). The comparison group included infants born naturally with a body weight of 1,000–1,500 g (n = 46) and those with a body weight of less than 1,000 g (n = 42).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Vitamin D deficiency was established in 67.7 ± 4.8% premature babies during the first year of life. In the second year of life, with intake of vitamin D 1000 IU/day, the level of calcidiol stabilized to normal value. The most sensitive group concerning vitamin D insufficiency is the group of babies with breast-milk substitutes. Factors associated with in vitro fertilization had not shown statistically significant influence on the vitamin D insufficiency in premature babies.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. We have proposed beneficial predictive tables for an individual risk evaluation of possible bone metabolic conditions in premature babies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>недоношенные дети</kwd><kwd>экстракорпоральное оплодотворение</kwd><kwd>витамин D</kwd><kwd>недостаточность</kwd><kwd>дефицит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>premature babies</kwd><kwd>in vitro fertilization</kwd><kwd>vitamin D</kwd><kwd>insufficiency</kwd><kwd>deficiency</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hartl C., Obermeier V., Gerdes L.A., Brugel M., von Kries R., Kumpfel T. Seasonal variations of 25-OH vitamin D serum levels are associated with clinical disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurol Sci. 2017;(375):160–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2017.01.059.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hartl C., Obermeier V., Gerdes L.A., Brugel M., von Kries R., Kumpfel T. Seasonal variations of 25-OH vitamin D serum levels are associated with clinical disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurol Sci. 2017;(375):160–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2017.01.059.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Spigna G., Del Puente A., Covelli B., Abete E., Varriale E., Salzano S., Postiglione L. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms as tool for early screening of severe bone loss in women patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016;20(22):4664–4669. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27906437/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Spigna G., Del Puente A., Covelli B., Abete E., Varriale E., Salzano S., Postiglione L. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms as tool for early screening of severe bone loss in women patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016;20(22):4664–4669. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27906437/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahin O.A., Goksen D., Ozpinar A., Serdar M., Onay H. Association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and type 1 diabetes susceptibility in children: A meta-analysis. Endocr Connect. 2017;6(3):159–171. https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-16-0110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahin O.A., Goksen D., Ozpinar A., Serdar M., Onay H. Association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and type 1 diabetes susceptibility in children: A meta-analysis. Endocr Connect. 2017;6(3):159–171. https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-16-0110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao D.D., Yu D.D., Ren Q.Q., Dong B., Zhao F., Sun Y.H. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to childhood asthma: A meta-analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52(4):423–429. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.23548.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao D.D., Yu D.D., Ren Q.Q., Dong B., Zhao F., Sun Y.H. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to childhood asthma: A meta-analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52(4):423–429. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.23548.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gubatan J., Mitsuhashi S., Zenlea T., Rosenberg L., Robson S., Moss A.C. Low serum vitamin D during remission increases risk of clinical relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15(2):240–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2016.05.035.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gubatan J., Mitsuhashi S., Zenlea T., Rosenberg L., Robson S., Moss A.C. Low serum vitamin D during remission increases risk of clinical relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15(2):240–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2016.05.035.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elidrissy A.T. The return of congenital rickets: are we missing occult cases? Calcif Tissue Int. 2016;99(3):227–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-016-0146-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elidrissy A.T. The return of congenital rickets: are we missing occult cases? Calcif Tissue Int. 2016;99(3):227–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-016-0146-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karpen H.E. Mineral homeostasis and effects on bone mineralization in the preterm neonate. Clin Perinatol. 2018;45(1):129–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2017.11.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpen H.E. Mineral homeostasis and effects on bone mineralization in the preterm neonate. Clin Perinatol. 2018;45(1):129–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2017.11.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Proceedings of the Global Neonatal Consensus Symposium: Feeding The Preterm Infant, 2010, Chicago, Illinois. Guest Ed. R. Uauy. J Pediatr. 2013;162(3):S1–116. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23620879/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proceedings of the Global Neonatal Consensus Symposium: Feeding The Preterm Infant, 2010, Chicago, Illinois. Guest Ed. R. Uauy. J Pediatr. 2013;162(3):S1–116. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23620879/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eichenwald E.C., Hansen A.R., Stark A.R., Martin C.R. Cloherty and Stark’s manual of neonatal care. 8th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2016. 1124 p. Available at: http://infinity.wecabrio.com/1496343611-cloherty-and-stark-s-manual-of-neonatal-care-8%C2%AA-e.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eichenwald E.C., Hansen A.R., Stark A.R., Martin C.R. Cloherty and Stark’s manual of neonatal care. 8th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2016. 1124 p. Available at: http://infinity.wecabrio.com/1496343611-cloherty-and-stark-s-manual-of-neonatal-care-8%C2%AA-e.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Onwuneme C., Martin F., McCarthy R., Carroll A., Segurado R. et al. The association of vitamin D status with acute respiratory morbidity in preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2015;166(5):1175–1180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.01.055.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onwuneme C., Martin F., McCarthy R., Carroll A., Segurado R. et al. The association of vitamin D status with acute respiratory morbidity in preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2015;166(5):1175–1180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.01.055.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lai S.H., Liao S.L., Tsai M.H., Hua M.C., Chiu C.Y., Yeh K.W. et al. Low cord-serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with poor lung function performance and increased respiratory infection in infancy. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(3):e0173268. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173268.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lai S.H., Liao S.L., Tsai M.H., Hua M.C., Chiu C.Y., Yeh K.W. et al. Low cord-serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with poor lung function performance and increased respiratory infection in infancy. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(3):e0173268. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173268.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abrams S.A. Calcium and vitamin D requirements of enterally fed preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2013;131(5):e1676–1683. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abrams S.A. Calcium and vitamin D requirements of enterally fed preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2013;131(5):e1676–1683. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Faienza M.F., D’Amato E., Natale M.P., Grano M., Chiarito M., Brunetti G., D’Amato G. Metabolic bone disease of prematurity: diagnosis and treatment. Front Pediatr. 2019;(7):143. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2019.00143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Faienza M.F., D’Amato E., Natale M.P., Grano M., Chiarito M., Brunetti G., D’Amato G. Metabolic bone disease of prematurity: diagnosis and treatment. Front Pediatr. 2019;(7):143. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2019.00143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Климов Л.Я., Захарова И.Н., Курьянинова В.А., Долбня С.В., Арутюнян Т.М., Касьянова А.Н. и др. Статус витамина D у детей Юга России в осенне-зимнем периоде года. Медицинский совет. 2015;(14):14–19. https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2015-14-14-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klimov L.Y., Zakharova I.N., Kuryaninova V.A., Dolbnya S.V., Arutyunyan T.M., Kasyanova A.N. et al. Vitamin D status in children in the south of Rusia in the autumn-winter period. Meditsinskiy Sovet. 2015;(14):14–19. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2015-14-14-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uauy R., Koletzko B. Defining the nutritional needs of preterm infants. World Rev Nutr Diet. 2014;(110):4–10. https://doi.org/10.1159/000358453.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uauy R., Koletzko B. Defining the nutritional needs of preterm infants. World Rev Nutr Diet. 2014;(110):4–10. https://doi.org/10.1159/000358453.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Munns C.F., Shaw N., Kiely M., Specker B.L., Thacher T.D., Ozono K. et al. Global consensus recommendations on prevention and management of nutritional rickets. Horm Res Paediatr. 2016;85(2):83–106. https://doi.org/10.1159/000443136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Munns C.F., Shaw N., Kiely M., Specker B.L., Thacher T.D., Ozono K. et al. Global consensus recommendations on prevention and management of nutritional rickets. Horm Res Paediatr. 2016;85(2):83–106. https://doi.org/10.1159/000443136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pfotenhauer K.M., Shubrook J.H. Vitamin D deficiency, its role in health and disease, and current supplementation recommendations. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2017;117(5):301–305. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2017.055.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pfotenhauer K.M., Shubrook J.H. Vitamin D deficiency, its role in health and disease, and current supplementation recommendations. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2017;117(5):301–305. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2017.055.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greer F.R. Controversies in neonatal nutrition: macronutrients and micronutrients. Gastroenterology and Nutrition: Neonatology Question and Controversies. 2nd ed. Ed. J. Neu. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Saunders, 2012, рр. 129–155. Available at: https://cpncampus.com/biblioteca/files/original/ed135abeea5b0420d489cdff72fbf7a7.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greer F.R. Controversies in neonatal nutrition: macronutrients and micronutrients. Gastroenterology and Nutrition: Neonatology Question and Controversies. 2nd ed. Ed. J. Neu. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Saunders, 2012, рр. 129–155. Available at: https://cpncampus.com/biblioteca/files/original/ed135abeea5b0420d489cdff72fbf7a7.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adamkin D.H., Radmacher P.G. Current trends and future challenges in neonatal parenteral nutrition. J Neonatal Perinatal Med. 2014;7(3)157–164. https://doi.org/10.3233/NPM-14814008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adamkin D.H., Radmacher P.G. Current trends and future challenges in neonatal parenteral nutrition. J Neonatal Perinatal Med. 2014;7(3)157–164. https://doi.org/10.3233/NPM-14814008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mimouni F.B. Vitamin D in the newborn, part I: Assessment of status and deficiency risk factors. NeoReviews. 2014;15(5):e187–e192. https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.15-5-e187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mimouni F.B. Vitamin D in the newborn, part I: Assessment of status and deficiency risk factors. NeoReviews. 2014;15(5):e187–e192. https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.15-5-e187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаджимурадова Н.Д., Пыхтина Л.А., Филькина О.М., Шанина Т.Г., Назаров С.Б., Писарева С.Е. Особенности состояния здоровья детей первого года жизни, родившихся после экстракорпорального оплодотворения от одноплодной беременности. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2016;(2). Режим доступа: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=24320.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gadzhimuradova N.D., Pykhtina L.A., Filkina O.M., Shanina T.G., Nazarov S.B., Pisareva S.E. Features of the state of health of children of the first year of life born after in vitro fertilization from a singleton pregnancy. Modern Problems of Science and Education. 2016;(2). (In Russ.) Available at: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=24320.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дружинина Н.А., Мерзлякова Д.Р. Особенности здоровья и костного метаболизма детей, рожденных методом ЭКО. Медицинский совет. 2019;(2):231–238 https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2019-2-231-239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Druzhinina N.A., Merzlyakova D.R. Peculiarities of health and bone metabolism of children born through IVF. Meditsinskiy Sovet. 2019;(2):231–239. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2019-2-231-239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашикина Т.М., Котова Т.Н., Омарова П.Ш., Хлехлина Ю.В., Берестовская В.С., Понкратова Т.С. Возрастная динамика уровня сывороточных костных маркеров у здоровых детей. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2010;(11):7–10. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=15514857.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashikina T.M., Kotova T.N., Omarova P.Sh., Khlekhlina Yu. V., Berestovskaya V.S., Ponkratova T.S. Age-related changes in the level of serum bone markers in healthy children. Klinichescheskaya Laboratornaya Diagnostika. 2010;(11):7–10. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=15514857.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кишкун А.А. Руководство по лабораторным методам диагностики. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2014. 760 с. Режим доступа: https://www.rosmedlib.ru/book/ISBN9785970431023.html.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kishkun A.A. Rukovodstvo po laboratornyim metodam diagnostiki. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2014. 760 p. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.rosmedlib.ru/book/ISBN9785970431023.html.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forst T., Kunt T., Pohlmann K., Engelbach M., Beyer J., Pfutzner A. Biological activity of C-peptide on the skin microcirculation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 1998;101(10):2036–2041. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI2147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forst T., Kunt T., Pohlmann K., Engelbach M., Beyer J., Pfutzner A. Biological activity of C-peptide on the skin microcirculation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 1998;101(10):2036–2041. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI2147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J., Park H.K., Kim J.H., Choi Y.Y., Lee H.J. Bone mineral density according to dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is associated with serial serum alkaline phosphatase level in extremely low birth weight infants at discharge. Pediatr Neonatol. 2017;58(3):251–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2016.05.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee J., Park H.K., Kim J.H., Choi Y.Y., Lee H.J. Bone mineral density according to dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is associated with serial serum alkaline phosphatase level in extremely low birth weight infants at discharge. Pediatr Neonatol. 2017;58(3):251–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2016.05.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang S.W., Lee H.C. Vitamin D and health-The missing vitamin in humans. Pediatr Neonatol. 2019;60(3):237–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.04.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang S.W., Lee H.C. Vitamin D and health-The missing vitamin in humans. Pediatr Neonatol. 2019;60(3):237–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.04.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yılmaz B., Aygün C., Çetinoğlu E. Vitamin D levels in newborns and association with neonatal hypocalcemia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018;31(14):1889–1893. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2017.1331430.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yılmaz B., Aygün C., Çetinoğlu E. Vitamin D levels in newborns and association with neonatal hypocalcemia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018;31(14):1889–1893. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2017.1331430.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elsori D.H., Hammoud M.S. Vitamin D deficiency in mothers, neonates and children. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2018;(175):195–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elsori D.H., Hammoud M.S. Vitamin D deficiency in mothers, neonates and children. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2018;(175):195–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avila-Alvarez A., Urisarri A., Fuentes-Carballal J., Mandiá N., Sucasas-Alonso A., Couce M.L. Metabolic Bone Disease of Prematurity: Risk Factors and Associated Short-Term Outcomes. Nutrients. 2020;12(12):3786. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123786.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avila-Alvarez A., Urisarri A., Fuentes-Carballal J., Mandiá N., Sucasas-Alonso A., Couce M.L. Metabolic Bone Disease of Prematurity: Risk Factors and Associated Short-Term Outcomes. Nutrients. 2020;12(12):3786. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123786.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu X., Zhang W., Xu Y., Chu Y., Wang X., Li Q. et al. Effect of vitamin D status on normal fertilization rate following in vitro fertilization. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2019;17(1):59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-019-0500-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu X., Zhang W., Xu Y., Chu Y., Wang X., Li Q. et al. Effect of vitamin D status on normal fertilization rate following in vitro fertilization. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2019;17(1):59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-019-0500-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chinoy A., Mughal M.Z., Padidela R. Metabolic bone disease of prematurity: causes, recognition, prevention, treatment and long-term consequences. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2019;104(5):F560-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-316330.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chinoy A., Mughal M.Z., Padidela R. Metabolic bone disease of prematurity: causes, recognition, prevention, treatment and long-term consequences. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2019;104(5):F560-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-316330.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khadilkar A., Khadilkar V., Chinnappa J., Rathi N., Khadgawat R., Balasubramanian S. et al. Prevention and treatment of vitamin D and calcium deficiency in children and adolescents: Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) Guidelines. Indian Pediatr. 2017;54(7):567–573. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-017-1070-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khadilkar A., Khadilkar V., Chinnappa J., Rathi N., Khadgawat R., Balasubramanian S. et al. Prevention and treatment of vitamin D and calcium deficiency in children and adolescents: Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) Guidelines. Indian Pediatr. 2017;54(7):567–573. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-017-1070-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гублер Е.В. Вычислительные методы анализа и распознавания патологических процессов. Ленинград: Медицина. Ленингр. отделение; 1978. 294 с. Режим доступа: https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01007621409.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gubler E.V. Computational methods for the analysis and recognition of pathological processes. Leningrad: Meditsina. Leningr. otdelenie; 1978. 294 p. (In Russ.) Available at: https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01007621409.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
