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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2023-042</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-7407</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЦЕРЕБРОВАСКУЛЯРНЫЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иерархия патогенетических механизмов хронической недостаточности мозгового кровообращения и терапевтических стратегий нейропротекции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hierarchy of pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency and therapeutic strategies for neuroprotection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8655-8501</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Путилина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Putilina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Путилина Марина Викторовна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры клинической фармакологии лечебного факультета.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Putilina - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine.</p><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">profput@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Путилина М.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Путилина М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Putilina M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7407">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7407</self-uri><abstract><p>Хроническая недостаточность мозгового кровообращения (ХНМК) самостоятельное заболевание со сложными этиопатогенетическими механизмами и полиморфной клинической картиной. Сложная иерархия патогенетических механизмов и клинических проявлений заставляет врача выбирать стратегию медикаментозной терапии с учетом полифункционального действия на все патогенетические механизмы. В отношении ХНМК до сих пор нет однозначных стандартов, в основном рекомендуется использование профилактических стратегий (антигипертензивных препаратов, антиагрегантов, антикоагулянтов, статинов). В то же время совокупность патологических факторов приводит к нарушению целостности системы гомеостаза и митохондриальной и эндотелиальной дисфункции, атрофии коры головного мозга, нейродегенерации, пролиферации глиальных клеток. Нарушения метаболических, белоксинтетических процессов в сосудистой стенке и нейронах лежат в основе последующих морфологических повреждений, являющихся фундаментом развития или манифестации того или иного симптома. Следовательно, только профилактическая или симптоматическая терапия отдельно друг от друга вряд ли будут иметь ожидаемый эффект. В связи с тем что нет единых диагностических критериев, единой патогенетической парадигмы, отсутствуют стандарты в терапии ХНМК, в последние годы активно изучаются нейропептиды. Они способны к селективному связыванию с эндогенными белками, могут образовывать структурные конформации в ответ на различные стимулы в биологической среде, что дает возможность разнообразным терапевтическим применениям пептидных ансамблей. Препараты обладают выраженными нейротрофическими, медиаторными, эффекторными и противовоспалительными свойствами, отличаются высокой эффективностью, возможностью использования в малых дозах, отсутствием побочных реакций. Перспективным препаратом этой группы является полипептид из головного мозга эмбрионов свиней, который имеет хорошую доказательную базу по эффективности и безопасности у пациентов с цереброваскулярными заболеваниями. Для повышения эффективности терапии целесообразно нейропептиды сочетать с антиоксидантами и антигипоксантами, препаратами предшественниками холина.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency (CCI) is an independent disease with complex etiopathogenetic mechanisms and a polymorphic clinical picture. The complex hierarchy of pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical manifestations forces the doctor to choose a strategy for drug therapy, taking into account the multifunctional effect on all pathogenetic mechanisms. With regard to chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency, there are still no unambiguous standards, mainly the use of preventive strategies (antihypertensive drugs, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, statins) is recommended. At the same time, a combination of pathological factors leads to a violation of the integrity of the homeostasis system and mitochondrial and endothelial dysfunction, atrophy of the cerebral cortex, neurodegeneration, and proliferation of glial cells. Violations of metabolic, protein-synthetic processes in the vascular wall and neurons underlie subsequent morphological damage, which is the foundation for the development or manifestation of a particular symptom. Therefore, only preventive or symptomatic therapy separately from each other is unlikely to have the expected effect. Due to the fact that there are no unified diagnostic criteria, a unified pathogenetic paradigm, there are no standards in the treatment of CNMC, neuropeptides have been actively studied in recent years. They are capable of selective binding to endogenous proteins and can form structural conformations in response to various stimuli in the biological environment, which allows for various therapeutic applications of peptide assemblies. The drugs have pronounced neurotrophic, mediator, effector and anti-inflammatory properties, are highly effective, can be used in small doses, and have no side reactions. A promising drug in this group is a polypeptide from the brain of porcine embryos6 which has a good evidence base for efficacy and safety in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. . To increase the effectiveness of therapy, it is advisable to combine neurope-tides with antioxidants and antihypoxants, choline precursor drugs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цереброваскулярные заболевания</kwd><kwd>профилактическая терапия</kwd><kwd>симптоматическая терапия</kwd><kwd>нейропептиды</kwd><kwd>полипептид из головного мозга эмбрионов свиней</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebrovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>preventive therapy</kwd><kwd>symptomatic therapy</kwd><kwd>neuropeptides</kwd><kwd>porcine brain polypeptide</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou D., Meng R., Li S.J., Ya J.Y., Ding J.Y., Shang S.L. et al. Advances in chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency. 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