medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2023-112medsovet-7463Research ArticleПРЕГРАВИДАРНАЯ ПОДГОТОВКА И БЕРЕМЕННОСТЬPREGRAVID PREPARATION AND PREGNANCYСовременные представления о гестационном сахарном диабетеGestational diabetes mellitus: state of arthttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9152-5480ПлетневаС. А.PletnevaS. A.

Плетнева Светлана Анатольевна, аспирант кафедры акушерства и гинекологии №2,

394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, д. 10

Swetlana A. Pletneva, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 2,

10, Studencheskaya St., Voronezh, 394036

swetlana2389@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-1587ЕньковаЕ. В.EnkovaE. V.

Енькова Елена Владимировна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии №2,

394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, д. 10

Elena V. Enkova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 2, 

10, Studencheskaya St., Voronezh, 394036

enkova@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4199-8156ХоперскаяО. В.KhoperskayaO. V.

Хоперская Ольга Викторовна, к.м.н., ассистент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии №2,

394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, д. 10

Olga V. Khoperskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 2, 

10, Studencheskaya St., Voronezh, 394036

khoperskaya88@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9259-180XШамаринС. В.ShamarinS. V.

Шамарин Станислав Вячеславович, к.м.н., доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии №2,

394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, д. 10

Stanislav V. Shamarin, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 2,

10, Studencheskaya St., Voronezh, 394036

shamarin-med@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-5755ЕньковаВ. В.EnkovaV. V.

Енькова Валерия Вадимовна, к.м.н., ассистент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии №2,

394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, д. 10

Valeria V. Enkova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 2,

10, Studencheskaya St., Voronezh, 394036

enkova_lera@mail.ruВоронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. БурденкоРоссияVoronezh State Medical University named after N.N. BurdenkoRussian Federation20232104202305136141Copyright © Плетнева С.А., Енькова Е.В., Хоперская О.В., Шамарин С.В., Енькова В.В., 20232023Плетнева С.А., Енькова Е.В., Хоперская О.В., Шамарин С.В., Енькова В.В.Pletneva S.A., Enkova E.V., Khoperskaya O.V., Shamarin S.V., Enkova V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7463

Гестационный сахарный диабет  (ГСД)  – заболевание, характеризующееся гипергликемией, впервые установленной во время беременности, при этом концентрация глюкозы венозной плазмы не должна превышать 6,9 ммоль/л. Как правило, после родов заболевание регрессирует, но не проходит бесследно ни для матери, ни для ребенка. Последствия ГСД включают повышенный риск сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у матери и СД 2-го типа, а также диабетической фетопатии плода и осложнений во время беременности и родов: угрозы прерывания беременности, преждевременных родов, преэклампсии, многоводия, высокой частоты оперативного родоразрешения и родового травматизма. Существует также долгосрочный риск развития ожирения, диабета и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у ребенка. ГСД поражает примерно 16,5% беременных во всем мире, прогнозируется прирост заболеваемости ввиду увеличения процента женщин, страдающих ожирением. ГСД – непросто диагностируемое и слабопрогнозируемое, а следовательно, потенциально угрожающее любой беременности осложнение гестации, требующее, учитывая перечень перинатальных и отдаленных последствий для матери и  ребенка, прегравидарной профилактики, тщательной диагностики и  обязательного лечения с  перманентным контролем уровней гликемии, кетонурии и  инструментальным мониторингом: кардиотокографией и  ультразвуковыми исследованиями. Грамотный подход к планированию беременности, выполнение скрининговой программы на ГСД и своевременная коррекция в случае его выявления – залог здоровья женщины и ее будущего ребенка. 

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia, first established during pregnancy, while the concentration of venous plasma glucose should not exceed 6.9 mmol/l. As a rule, after childbirth, the disease regresses, but it does not pass without a trace for either the mother or the child. The consequences of gestational diabetes include an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in the mother and type 2 diabetes, as well as diabetic fetopathy of the fetus and complications during pregnancy and childbirth: the threat of termination of pregnancy, premature birth, preeclampsia, polyhydramnios, high frequency of operative delivery and birth trauma. There is also a long-term risk of developing obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in a child. Gestational diabetes affects approximately 16.5% of pregnant women worldwide, an increase in the incidence is predicted due to an increase in the percentage of obese women. Gestational diabetes mellitus is a complication of gestation that is not easily diagnosed and poorly predicted, and therefore potentially threatening to any pregnancy, requiring, given the list of perinatal and long – term consequences for mother and child, pre-gravidar prevention, thorough diagnosis and mandatory treatment with permanent control of glycemia levels, ketonuria and instrumental monitoring: cardiotcography and ultrasound. A competent approach to pregnancy planning, the implementation of a screening program for GDM and timely correction in case of its detection is the key to the health of a woman and her unborn child. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.