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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2023-072</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-7465</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРЕ- И ПОСТМЕНОПАУЗА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRE- AND POSTMENOPAUSE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффекты менопаузальной гормональной терапии: окно возможностей для сердечно-сосудистой системы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effects of hormone replacement therapy: а window of opportunity for the cardiovascular system</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7430-1207</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якушевская</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakushevskaya</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Якушевская Оксана Владимировна, к.м.н., врач – акушер-гинеколог, онколог, научный сотрудник отделения гинекологической эндокринологии,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana V. Yakushevskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Oncologist, Researcher at the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology,</p><p>4, Academician Oparin St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aluckyone777@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>148</fpage><lpage>154</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Якушевская О.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Якушевская О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakushevskaya O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7465">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7465</self-uri><abstract><p>Ишемическая болезнь сердца и  инсульт составляют большую часть структуры сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний  (ССЗ). Их  распространенность увеличивается в  первую очередь вследствие снижения показателя летальности и  увеличения продолжительности жизни населения. Однако ССЗ остаются основной причиной смерти как в странах с высоким/средним, так и с низким уровнем дохода (ВОЗ, 2008 г.). Бремя ишемической болезни сердца и инсульта определяется как значимым снижением качества жизни пациентов, так и экономическими затратами здравоохранения, направленными на лечение данных состояний и коррекцию их осложнений. Общий риск ССЗ примерно одинаков у мужчин и женщин, но при детальном анализе можно отметить четкую зависимость от возраста пациента. Риск ССЗ у мужчин сопоставим с риском ССЗ у женщин более молодых возрастных групп, т. е. показатели заболеваемости ССЗ у женщин отстают примерно на десять лет от показателей мужчин. ССЗ вызывают серьезную озабоченность у женщин, вступающих в менопаузу. Изменяющийся гормональный фон предрасполагает к повышению частоты сердечно-сосудистых событий из-за совокупности таких факторов риска, как висцеральное ожирение, атерогенная дислипидемия, нарушение регуляции уровня глюкозы, нарушения гомеостаза, сосудистая дисфункция. Однако независимая связь возрастных дегенеративных изменений в  яичниках с риском ССЗ была установлена в первую очередь у женщин с преждевременной и ранней менопаузой (&lt;40–45 лет). Менопаузальная гормональная терапия (МГТ) значимо снижает большинство рисков ССЗ. Эффективность профилактики необратимых последствий дефицита эстрогенов обеспечивается при условии своевременного старта МГТ в период самых первых патологических изменений в женском организме или в позднюю фазу менопаузального перехода/раннюю фазу постменопаузы (&gt;&lt;60 лет или в течение десяти лет после последней менструации). Концепция назначения МГТ в рамках «терапевтического окна возможностей» обеспечивает благоприятное соотношение пользы и рисков для пациенток. Ключевые слова: менопаузальная гормональная терапия, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, менопауза, сердечнососудистые риски, дефицит эстрогенов&gt;˂ 40–45 лет). Менопаузальная гормональная терапия (МГТ) значимо снижает большинство рисков ССЗ. Эффективность профилактики необратимых последствий дефицита эстрогенов обеспечивается при условии своевременного старта МГТ в период самых первых патологических изменений в женском организме или в позднюю фазу менопаузального перехода/раннюю фазу постменопаузы (&lt;60 лет или в течение десяти лет после последней менструации). Концепция назначения МГТ в рамках «терапевтического окна возможностей» обеспечивает благоприятное соотношение пользы и рисков для пациенток. Ключевые слова: менопаузальная гормональная терапия, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, менопауза, сердечнососудистые риски, дефицит эстрогенов&gt;˂ 60 лет или в течение десяти лет после последней менструации). Концепция назначения МГТ в рамках «терапевтического окна возможностей» обеспечивает благоприятное соотношение пользы и рисков для пациенток. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Coronary artery disease and stroke make up the greater part of the pattern of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Their prevalence is increasing primarily due to death rates decline and life expectancy increase. However, CVDs remain the leading cause of death in both high/middle and low income countries (WHO, 2008). The burden of coronary heart disease and stroke is determined both by a significant decrease in patients’ quality of life and the economic expenditures of healthcare aimed at treating these conditions and managing their complications. The overall CVD risk is more or less the same in men and women, but a detailed analysis shows a clear dependence on the patient age. The CVD risk in men is comparable to the CVD risk in women of younger age groups, i.e. CVD incidence rates in women are about ten years behind such rates in men. CVDs are of major concern for women who enter menopause. The changing endocrine profile predisposes to an increase in the cardiovascular event rates due to a combination of risk factors such as visceral obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, impaired glucose regulation, homeostasis disorders, and vascular dysfunction. However, an independent association between age-related degenerative changes in the ovaries and CVD risk has been established primarily in women with premature and early menopause (&lt;40– 45 years). Menopause hormone therapy (MHT) significantly reduces most CVD risks. The effectiveness of the prevention of irreversible effects of oestrogen deficiency is ensured by the timely MHT start during the very first pathological changes in female health or in the late stage of the menopausal transition/early postmenopausal stage (&gt;&lt;60 years or within ten years after the last menstrual period). The concept of prescribing MHT within the “window of therapeutic opportunity” produces a  favourable benefit-risk ratio for patients.&gt;˂40– 45 years). Menopause hormone therapy (MHT) significantly reduces most CVD risks. The effectiveness of the prevention of irreversible effects of oestrogen deficiency is ensured by the timely MHT start during the very first pathological changes in female health or in the late stage of the menopausal transition/early postmenopausal stage (˂60 years or within ten years after the last menstrual period). The concept of prescribing MHT within the “window of therapeutic opportunity” produces a  favourable benefit-risk ratio for patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>менопаузальная гормональная терапия</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>менопауза</kwd><kwd>сердечнососудистые риски</kwd><kwd>дефицит эстрогенов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hormone replacement therapy</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular disease</kwd><kwd>menopause</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular risks</kwd><kwd>estrogen deficiency</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arora S., Stouffer G., Kucharska-Newton A., Qamar A., Vaduganathan M., Pandey A. et al. Twenty year trends and sex differences in young adults hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction. 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