<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2016-4-42-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-75</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕВРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Место хондропротекторов в терапии остеоартроза позвоночных суставов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The place of chondroprotectors in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the spine</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пизова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pizova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пизова Н.В., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пизова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pizova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/75">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/75</self-uri><abstract><p>Остеоартроз представляет собой основную нозологическую форму дегенеративных заболеваний суставов и характеризуется хроническим неуклонно прогрессирующим течением. В основе заболевания - нарушение равновесия между анаболическими и катаболическими процессами, прежде всего в гиалиновом хряще. Использование в терапии остеоартроза препаратов структурно-модифицирующего действия (или хондропротекторов) является патогенетически обоснованным, позволяет значительно уменьшить дозировки нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов и существенно снижает риск развития побочных эффектов. Наиболее изученными хондропротекторами в настоящее время являются хондроитина сульфат и глюкозамин.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Osteoarthritis is the major nosological form representing degenerative joint disease, characterized by chronic, steadily progressive course. The disease is primarily caused by an imbalance between the anabolic and catabolic processes, especially in the hyaline cartilage. Administration of structure-modifying medications (or chondroprotectors) for the treatment of osteoarthritisis is pathogenetically substantiated, contributes to a significant reduction of the NSAIDs intake and considerably reduces the risk of side effects. Currently, the most thoroughly studied chondroprotectors are chondroitin</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дорсалгия спондилоартроз</kwd><kwd>структурно-модифицирующие препараты</kwd><kwd>хондроитина сульфат</kwd><kwd>глюкозамин</kwd><kwd>dorsalgia</kwd><kwd>spondylarthritis</kwd><kwd>structure-modifying drugs</kwd><kwd>chondroitin sulfate</kwd><kwd>glucosamine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цементит С.А. Дифференциальная диагностика в неврологии и нейрохирургии. Под ред. Е.И. Гусева. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2005. 368 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Цементит С.А. Дифференциальная диагностика в неврологии и нейрохирургии. Под ред. Е.И. Гусева. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2005. 368 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вознесенская Т.П Боли в спине: взгляд невролога. Consilium medicum, 2006, 8(2): 257-261.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вознесенская Т.П Боли в спине: взгляд невролога. Consilium medicum, 2006, 8(2): 257-261.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мендель О.И., Никифоров А.С. Дегенеративные заболевания позвоночника, их осложнения и лечение. РМЖ, 2006, 14(4): 34-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Мендель О.И., Никифоров А.С. Дегенеративные заболевания позвоночника, их осложнения и лечение. РМЖ, 2006, 14(4): 34-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Справочник по формулированию клинического диагноза болезней нервной системы. Под ред. B.П. Штока, О.С. Левина. М.: МИА, 2006. 520 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Справочник по формулированию клинического диагноза болезней нервной системы. Под ред. B.П. Штока, О.С. Левина. М.: МИА, 2006. 520 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пизова Н.В. Костно-суставные боли в грудном отделе позвоночника и грудной клетке. Медицинский совет, 2014, 4: 88-93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пизова Н.В. Костно-суставные боли в грудном отделе позвоночника и грудной клетке. Медицинский совет, 2014, 4: 88-93.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пизова Н.В. У Вашего пациента боль в нижней части спины. Что делать? Неврология, нейроп-сихиатрия, психосоматика. 2013, 1:69-74</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пизова Н.В. У Вашего пациента боль в нижней части спины. Что делать? Неврология, нейроп-сихиатрия, психосоматика. 2013, 1:69-74</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зборовский А.Б., Мозговая Е.Э. Алфлутоп: опыт многолетнего клинического применения. Фарматека, 2006, 19: 35-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Зборовский А.Б., Мозговая Е.Э. Алфлутоп: опыт многолетнего клинического применения. Фарматека, 2006, 19: 35-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шостак НА. Современные подходы к терапии боли в нижней части спины. Consilium mеdicum, 2003, 5(8): 457-461.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шостак НА. Современные подходы к терапии боли в нижней части спины. Consilium mеdicum, 2003, 5(8): 457-461.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воробьева О.В. Боли в спине. РМЖ, 2003, 10: 594-598.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Воробьева О.В. Боли в спине. РМЖ, 2003, 10: 594-598.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шостак Н.А. Современные подходы к терапии боли в нижней части спины. Consilium medicum, 2003, 8: 27-29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шостак Н.А. Современные подходы к терапии боли в нижней части спины. Consilium medicum, 2003, 8: 27-29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов Е.Л., Лазебник Л.Б., Беленков Ю.Н. и др. Применение нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов. Клинические рекомендации. М.: Алмаз, 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Насонов Е.Л., Лазебник Л.Б., Беленков Ю.Н. и др. Применение нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов. Клинические рекомендации. М.: Алмаз, 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подчуфарова Е.В. Хронические боли в спине: патогенез, диагностика, лечение. Русский медицинский журнал. 2003, 11(25): 1395-1401.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Подчуфарова Е.В. Хронические боли в спине: патогенез, диагностика, лечение. Русский медицинский журнал. 2003, 11(25): 1395-1401.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Неспецифическая боль в нижней части спины: клинические рекомендации. Под ред. Ш.Ф. Эрдеса. М.: КомплектСервис, 2008. 70 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Неспецифическая боль в нижней части спины: клинические рекомендации. Под ред. Ш.Ф. Эрдеса. М.: КомплектСервис, 2008. 70 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парфенов В.А. Причины, диагностика и лечение боли в нижней части спины. Неврология, ней-ропсихиатрия и психосоматика, 2009, 1: 19-22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Парфенов В.А. Причины, диагностика и лечение боли в нижней части спины. Неврология, ней-ропсихиатрия и психосоматика, 2009, 1: 19-22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Веселовский В.П. Практическая вертебронев-рология и мануальная терапия. Рига, 1991. С. 30-145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Веселовский В.П. Практическая вертебронев-рология и мануальная терапия. Рига, 1991. С. 30-145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вознесенская Т.П Боли в спине и конечностях. Болевые синдромы в неврологической практике. Под ред. А.М. Вейна. М.: Медпресс, 1999. C. 217-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вознесенская Т.П Боли в спине и конечностях. Болевые синдромы в неврологической практике. Под ред. А.М. Вейна. М.: Медпресс, 1999. C. 217-83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waddel G. The back pain revolution. Edinburg: Churchill Livingstone, 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waddel G. The back pain revolution. Edinburg: Churchill Livingstone, 1998.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bogduk N, McGuirk B. Medical management of acute and chronic low back pain. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogduk N, McGuirk B. Medical management of acute and chronic low back pain. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hall H. Back pain. JH Noseworthy (eds). Neurological therapeutics: principles and practice. London: Martin Dunitz, 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hall H. Back pain. JH Noseworthy (eds). Neurological therapeutics: principles and practice. London: Martin Dunitz, 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morreale P et al. Diagnosis and treatment of pain of vertebral origin. Baltimore: Williams&amp;Wilkins, 1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morreale P et al. Diagnosis and treatment of pain of vertebral origin. Baltimore: Williams&amp;Wilkins, 1996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verbruggen G. Chondroprotective drugs in degenerative joint diseases. Rheumatol. (Oxford), 2006, 45(2): 129-138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verbruggen G. Chondroprotective drugs in degenerative joint diseases. Rheumatol. (Oxford), 2006, 45(2): 129-138.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hochberg MC, Dougados M. Pharmacological therapy of osteoarthritis. Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol, 2001, 15(15): 583-593.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hochberg MC, Dougados M. Pharmacological therapy of osteoarthritis. Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol, 2001, 15(15): 583-593.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ubelhart D, Malaise M, Marcolongo R et al. Intermittent treatment of knee osteoarthritis with oral chondroitin sulfate: a one-year, randomised, double-blind, multicentre study versus placebo. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 2004: 269-276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ubelhart D, Malaise M, Marcolongo R et al. Intermittent treatment of knee osteoarthritis with oral chondroitin sulfate: a one-year, randomised, double-blind, multicentre study versus placebo. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 2004: 269-276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De los Reyes GC, Koda RT, Lien EJ. Glucosamin and chondroitin sulfates in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a survey. Prog. Drug. Res., 2000, 55: 81-103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De los Reyes GC, Koda RT, Lien EJ. Glucosamin and chondroitin sulfates in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a survey. Prog. Drug. Res., 2000, 55: 81-103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McAlindon Т, LaValley М. Glucosamin and Chondroitin for treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic quality assessment and metaanaly-sis. JAMA, 2000, 283: 1469-1475.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McAlindon Т, LaValley М. Glucosamin and Chondroitin for treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic quality assessment and metaanaly-sis. JAMA, 2000, 283: 1469-1475.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simanek V, Kren V, Ulrichova J, Gallo J. The efficacy of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis: are these saccharides drugs or nutraceuticals? Biomed. Papers., 2005, 149 (1): 51-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simanek V, Kren V, Ulrichova J, Gallo J. The efficacy of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis: are these saccharides drugs or nutraceuticals? Biomed. Papers., 2005, 149 (1): 51-56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wim J van Blitterswijk, Jos CM van de Nes, Paul IJM. Wuisman Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplementation to treat symptomatic disc degeneration: Biochemical rationale and case report. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2003, 3: 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wim J van Blitterswijk, Jos CM van de Nes, Paul IJM. Wuisman Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplementation to treat symptomatic disc degeneration: Biochemical rationale and case report. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2003, 3: 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Towheed TE, Anastassiades TP. Glucosamine and chondroitin for treating symptoms of oste-oarthritis. Evidence is widely touted but incomplete. JAMA, 2000, 283: 1483-1484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Towheed TE, Anastassiades TP. Glucosamine and chondroitin for treating symptoms of oste-oarthritis. Evidence is widely touted but incomplete. JAMA, 2000, 283: 1483-1484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leeb BF, Schweitzer H, Montag K, Smolen JS. A meta-analysis of chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis. J. Rheumatol., 2000, 27: 205-211.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leeb BF, Schweitzer H, Montag K, Smolen JS. A meta-analysis of chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis. J. Rheumatol., 2000, 27: 205-211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richy F, Bruyere O, Ethgen O. Structural and symptomatic efficacy of glucosamine and chondroitin in knee osteoarthritis: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Arch. Intern. Med., 2003, 163: 1514-1522.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richy F, Bruyere O, Ethgen O. Structural and symptomatic efficacy of glucosamine and chondroitin in knee osteoarthritis: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Arch. Intern. Med., 2003, 163: 1514-1522.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Towheed TE, Maxwell L, Anastassiades TP. Glucosamine therapy for treating osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2005. CD002946-CD002946.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Towheed TE, Maxwell L, Anastassiades TP. Glucosamine therapy for treating osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2005. CD002946-CD002946.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ronca F, Palmieri L, Panicucci P, Ronca G. Antiinflammatory activity of chondroitin sulfate. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 1998, 6: S14-S21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ronca F, Palmieri L, Panicucci P, Ronca G. Antiinflammatory activity of chondroitin sulfate. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 1998, 6: S14-S21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lippiello L, Woodward J, Karpman R, Hammad TA. In vivo chondroprotection and metabolic synergy of glucosamine and chondroitin sul-fate. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2000, 381: 229-240.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lippiello L, Woodward J, Karpman R, Hammad TA. In vivo chondroprotection and metabolic synergy of glucosamine and chondroitin sul-fate. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2000, 381: 229-240.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volpi N. Anti-inflammatory activity of chondroi-tin sulphate: new functions from an old natural macromolecule. Inflammopharmacology. 2011, 19(6): 299-306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volpi N. Anti-inflammatory activity of chondroi-tin sulphate: new functions from an old natural macromolecule. Inflammopharmacology. 2011, 19(6): 299-306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bauerova K, Ponist S, Kuncirova V et al. Chondro-itin sulfate effect on induced arthritis in rats. Osteoarthritis Cartilage,. 2011, 19(11): 1373-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bauerova K, Ponist S, Kuncirova V et al. Chondro-itin sulfate effect on induced arthritis in rats. Osteoarthritis Cartilage,. 2011, 19(11): 1373-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taniguchi S, Ryu J, Seki M et al. Long-term oral administration of glucosamine or chondroitin sulfate reduces destruction of cartilage and up-regulation of MMP-3 mRNA in a model of spontaneous osteoarthritis in Hartley guinea pigs. J Orthop Res, 2012, 30(5): 673-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taniguchi S, Ryu J, Seki M et al. Long-term oral administration of glucosamine or chondroitin sulfate reduces destruction of cartilage and up-regulation of MMP-3 mRNA in a model of spontaneous osteoarthritis in Hartley guinea pigs. J Orthop Res, 2012, 30(5): 673-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schneider H, Maheu E, Cucherat M. Symptom-modifying effect of chondroitin sulfate in knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials performed with struc-tumR. Open Rheumatol J, 2012, 6: 183-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schneider H, Maheu E, Cucherat M. Symptom-modifying effect of chondroitin sulfate in knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials performed with struc-tumR. Open Rheumatol J, 2012, 6: 183-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sawitzke AD, Shi H, Finco MF et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of glucosamine, chondroitin sulphate, their combination, celecoxib or placebo taken to treat osteoarthritis of the knee: 2-year results from GAIT. Ann Rheum Dis, 2010, 69(8): 1459-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sawitzke AD, Shi H, Finco MF et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of glucosamine, chondroitin sulphate, their combination, celecoxib or placebo taken to treat osteoarthritis of the knee: 2-year results from GAIT. Ann Rheum Dis, 2010, 69(8): 1459-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Michel BA, Stucki G, Frey D et al. Chrondroitins 4 and 6 sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum, 2005, 52: 779-786.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Michel BA, Stucki G, Frey D et al. Chrondroitins 4 and 6 sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum, 2005, 52: 779-786.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martel-Pelletier J, Roubille C, Abram F et al. First-line analysis of the effects of treatment on progression of structural changes in knee osteoar-thritis over 24 months: data from the osteoarthri-tis initiative progression cohort. Ann Rheum Dis, 2013. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203906.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martel-Pelletier J, Roubille C, Abram F et al. First-line analysis of the effects of treatment on progression of structural changes in knee osteoar-thritis over 24 months: data from the osteoarthri-tis initiative progression cohort. Ann Rheum Dis, 2013. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203906.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hochberg M, Chevalier X, Henrotin Y et al. Symptom and structure modification in osteo-arthritis with pharmaceutical-grade chondroit-in sulfate: what's the evidence? Curr Med Res Opin, 2013, 29(3): 259-67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hochberg M, Chevalier X, Henrotin Y et al. Symptom and structure modification in osteo-arthritis with pharmaceutical-grade chondroit-in sulfate: what's the evidence? Curr Med Res Opin, 2013, 29(3): 259-67.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leffler CT, Philippi AF, Leffler SG et al. Glucosa-mine, chondroitin, and manganese ascorbate for degenerative joint disease of the knee or low back: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Mil. Med., 1999, 164 (2): 85-91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leffler CT, Philippi AF, Leffler SG et al. Glucosa-mine, chondroitin, and manganese ascorbate for degenerative joint disease of the knee or low back: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Mil. Med., 1999, 164 (2): 85-91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McAlindon Т, LaValley M. Glucosamin and Chondroitin for treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic quality assessment and metaanaly-sis. JAMA, 2000, 283: 1469-1475.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McAlindon Т, LaValley M. Glucosamin and Chondroitin for treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic quality assessment and metaanaly-sis. JAMA, 2000, 283: 1469-1475.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Register JY, Deroisy R, Rovati LC et al. Long-term effects of glucosamine sulfate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet, 2001, 357: 251-256.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Register JY, Deroisy R, Rovati LC et al. Long-term effects of glucosamine sulfate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet, 2001, 357: 251-256.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hall H. Back pain. Neurological therapeutics: principles and practice. Ed. by H. Hall, J.H. Noseworthy. London: Martin Dunitz, 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hall H. Back pain. Neurological therapeutics: principles and practice. Ed. by H. Hall, J.H. Noseworthy. London: Martin Dunitz, 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simanek V, Kren V, Ulrichova J, Gallo J. The efficacy of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis: are these saccharides drugs or nutraceuticals? Biomed. Papers., 2005. 149(1): 51-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simanek V, Kren V, Ulrichova J, Gallo J. The efficacy of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis: are these saccharides drugs or nutraceuticals? Biomed. Papers., 2005. 149(1): 51-56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tiraloche G, Girard C, Chouinard L et al. Effect of oral glucosamine on cartilage degradation in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum, 2005, 52: 1118-1128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tiraloche G, Girard C, Chouinard L et al. Effect of oral glucosamine on cartilage degradation in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum, 2005, 52: 1118-1128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Towheed TE, Anastassiades TP. Glucosamine and chondroitin for treating symptoms of oste-oarthritis. Evidence is widely touted but incomplete. JAMA, 2000, 283: 1483-1484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Towheed TE, Anastassiades TP. Glucosamine and chondroitin for treating symptoms of oste-oarthritis. Evidence is widely touted but incomplete. JAMA, 2000, 283: 1483-1484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wim J van Blitterswijk, Jos CM van de Nes, Paul IJM. Wuisman. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplementation to treat symptomatic disc degeneration: Biochemical rationale and case report. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2003, 3: 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wim J van Blitterswijk, Jos CM van de Nes, Paul IJM. Wuisman. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplementation to treat symptomatic disc degeneration: Biochemical rationale and case report. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2003, 3: 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsementit S.A. Differential Diagnosis in Neurology and Neurosurgery. Ed. by E.I. Gusev. М.: GEOTAR-Media, 2005. 368 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsementit S.A. Differential Diagnosis in Neurology and Neurosurgery. Ed. by E.I. Gusev. М.: GEOTAR-Media, 2005. 368 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voznesenskaya T.G. Back pain: a neurologist's view. Consilium Medicum, 2006, 8(2): 257-261.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voznesenskaya T.G. Back pain: a neurologist's view. Consilium Medicum, 2006, 8(2): 257-261.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendel O.I., Nikiforov A.S. Degenerative diseases of the spine, complications and treatment. RMZ, 2006, 14(4): 34-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mendel O.I., Nikiforov A.S. Degenerative diseases of the spine, complications and treatment. RMZ, 2006, 14(4): 34-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guide on clinical diagnostic formulation: diseases of the nervous system. Ed. by V.P. Shtok, O.S. Levin. М.: MIA, 2006. 520 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guide on clinical diagnostic formulation: diseases of the nervous system. Ed. by V.P. Shtok, O.S. Levin. М.: MIA, 2006. 520 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pizova N.V. Osteoarticular pain in the thoracic spine and chest. Meditsinsky Sovet, 2014, 4: 88-93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pizova N.V. Osteoarticular pain in the thoracic spine and chest. Meditsinsky Sovet, 2014, 4: 88-93.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pizova N.V. Your patient has lower back pain. What should be done? Nevrologia, Neyropsikhiatria i Psikhosomatika. 2013, 1:69-74</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pizova N.V. Your patient has lower back pain. What should be done? Nevrologia, Neyropsikhiatria i Psikhosomatika. 2013, 1:69-74</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zborovskiy A.B., Mozgovaya E.E. Alflutop: long-term clinical experience. Farmateka, 2006, 19: 35-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zborovskiy A.B., Mozgovaya E.E. Alflutop: long-term clinical experience. Farmateka, 2006, 19: 35-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shostak N.A. Modern approaches to the treatment of lower back pain. Consilium mеdicum, 2003, 5(8): 457-461.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shostak N.A. Modern approaches to the treatment of lower back pain. Consilium mеdicum, 2003, 5(8): 457-461.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vorobyova O.V. Back pain. RMZ, 2003, 10: 594-598.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vorobyova O.V. Back pain. RMZ, 2003, 10: 594-598.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shostak NA. Modern approaches to the treatment of lower back pain. Consilium Medicum, 2003, 8: 27-29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shostak NA. Modern approaches to the treatment of lower back pain. Consilium Medicum, 2003, 8: 27-29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nasonov E.L., Lazebnik L.B., Belenkov Y.N. et al. Use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Clinical guidelines. М.: Almaz, 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasonov E.L., Lazebnik L.B., Belenkov Y.N. et al. Use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Clinical guidelines. М.: Almaz, 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Podchufarova E.V. Chronic back pain: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Russkiy Meditsinskiy Zhurnal. 2003, 11(25): 1395-1401.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Podchufarova E.V. Chronic back pain: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Russkiy Meditsinskiy Zhurnal. 2003, 11(25): 1395-1401.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nonspecific lower back pain: clinical guidelines. Ed. by S.F. Erdes. М.: ComplectService, 2008. 70 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nonspecific lower back pain: clinical guidelines. Ed. by S.F. Erdes. М.: ComplectService, 2008. 70 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parfyonov V.A. Causes, diagnosis and treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain. Nevrologia, Neyropsikhiatria i Psickhosomatika, 2009, 1: 19-22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parfyonov V.A. Causes, diagnosis and treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain. Nevrologia, Neyropsikhiatria i Psickhosomatika, 2009, 1: 19-22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veselovsky V.P. Practical vertebroneurology and manual therapy. Riga, 1991. P. 30-145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veselovsky V.P. Practical vertebroneurology and manual therapy. Riga, 1991. P. 30-145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voznesenskaya T.G. Pain in the back and limbs. Pain syndromes in neurological practice. Ed. by A.M. Wayne. М.: MedPress, 1999. P. 217-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voznesenskaya T.G. Pain in the back and limbs. Pain syndromes in neurological practice. Ed. by A.M. Wayne. М.: MedPress, 1999. P. 217-83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
