<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2023-109</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-7524</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДЕРМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DERMATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патоморфология мастоцитоза кожи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathomorphology of cutaneous mastocytosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-8821</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касихина</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasikhina</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Касихина Елена Игоревна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры дерматовенерологии, аллергологии и  косметологии медицинского института; врач-дерматовенеролог </p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6;119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Kasikhina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Dermatovenereology, Allergology and Cosmetology, Institute of Medicine; Dermatologist </p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198;17, Leninskiy Ave., Moscow, 119071</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kasprof@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9578-5490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потекаев</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potekaev</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Потекаев Николай Николаевич, д.м.н., директор; профессор, заведующий кафедрой кожных болезней и косметологии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования </p><p>119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 17;117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay N. Potekaev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Director; Professor, Head of Department of Skin Diseases and Cosmetology, Faculty of Additional Professional Education </p><p>17, Leninskiy Ave., Moscow, 119071; 1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klinderma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4773-2842</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катунина</surname><given-names>О. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katunina</surname><given-names>O. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Катунина Оксана Рахимовна, д.м.н., врач-патологоанатом; профессор кафедры патологической анатомии и клинической патологической анатомии педиатрического факультета </p><p>119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 17;117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana R. Katunina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher; Professor of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Clinical Pathological Anatomy of the Faculty of Pediatrics </p><p>17, Leninskiy Ave., Moscow, 119071; 1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katunina9@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3386-1467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Острецова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostretsova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Острецова Мария Николаевна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры дерматовенерологии, аллергологии и  косметологии медицинского института </p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria N. Ostretsova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Dermatovenereology, Allergology and Cosmetology, Institute of Medicine </p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostretsova-mn@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-6573</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жукова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жукова Ольга Валентиновна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой дерматовенерологии, аллергологии и косметологии медицинского института; главный врач </p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6;119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Zhukova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Dermatovenereology, Allergology and Cosmetology, Institute of Medicine; Chief Medical Officer </p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198;17, Leninskiy Ave., Moscow, 119071</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klinderma@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4094-0430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медникова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mednikova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медникова Мария Александровна, аспирант кафедры дерматовенерологии, аллергологии и  косметологии медицинского института </p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya A. Mednikova, Postgraduate Student, Department of Dermatovenereology, Allergology and Cosmetology, Institute of Medicine </p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mashulyamed@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов;&#13;
Московский научно-практический центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia;&#13;
Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский научно-практический центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии; &#13;
Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology;&#13;
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>201</fpage><lpage>208</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Касихина Е.И., Потекаев Н.Н., Катунина О.Р., Острецова М.Н., Жукова О.В., Медникова М.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Касихина Е.И., Потекаев Н.Н., Катунина О.Р., Острецова М.Н., Жукова О.В., Медникова М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kasikhina E.I., Potekaev N.N., Katunina O.R., Ostretsova M.N., Zhukova O.V., Mednikova M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7524">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7524</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Мастоцитоз развивается в любом возрасте в результате инфильтрации тучными клетками кожи и других органов. Актуальность данной работы определяется отсутствием в  отечественной и  зарубежной литературе систематизированных данных о патоморфологических особенностях клинических форм и типов кожного мастоцитоза, определенных Консенсусной европейско-американской группой по мастоцитозу и классификацией ВОЗ в 2016 г. Вариабельность клинических проявлений на коже у детей и взрослых, сложности в интерпретации лабораторных исследований создают проблему верификации диагноза и дальнейшего ведения больных. Цель. Определить основные патогистологические особенности клинических форм и типов кожного мастоцитоза. Материал и методы. В статье использовались данные обследования пациентов, находившихся на лечении и наблюдении в ГБУЗ «Московский центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии» в 2019–2022 гг. Результаты. Систематизированы литературные и собственные данные, касающиеся характерных патоморфологических паттернов, которые имеют значение для диагностики мастоцитоза с поражением кожи у детей и взрослых. Патоморфологический субстрат высыпаний при диффузном кожном мастоцитозе и мастоцитоме представлял собой массивный инфильтрат из тучных клеток в сосочковом и сетчатом слоях дермы. Гистологическая картина при мономорфном типе пятнисто-папулезного кожного мастоцитоза (ППКМ) у детей отличалась относительно меньшей плотностью инфильтрации тучными клетками папиллярной дермы по сравнению с другими клиническими формами мастоцитоза. Также у детей плотность тучных клеток в пораженной коже была значительно выше по сравнению со взрослыми. Кроме того, у взрослых с ППКМ папиллярная дерма в наблюдениях была менее инфильтрирована тучными клетками, что подтверждает мнение о том, что мономорфный тип ППКМ у детей фенотипически сходен с ППКМ у взрослых. Выводы. Дальнейшее проспективное наблюдение за пациентами может позволить сделать выводы о прогностическом значении патоморфологического исследования при мастоцитозе у взрослых и детей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Mastocytosis as a result of mast cell infiltration of the skin and other organs develops at any age. The relevance of this work is determined by the lack of systematic data on the pathomorphological features of the clinical forms and types of cutaneous mastocytosis, defined by the Consensus European-American Mastocytosis Group and the WHO classification in 2016. The variability of dermatological clinical manifestations in children and adults, the difficulties in interpreting laboratory tests create a problem for verifying the diagnosis and further treatment. The aim. To determine the main pathohistological features of clinical forms and types of cutaneous mastocytosis. Material and methods. The article includes data from patients who were treated and monitored at the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology in 2019–2022. Results. The literature and own data on the characteristic pathomorphological patterns that are important for the diagnosis of mastocytosis with skin lesions in children and adults are systematized. The pathological substrate of lesions in diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis and mastocytoma was a massive infiltrate of mast cells in the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis. The histological picture in the monomorphic type of maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis (MPCM) in children was characterized by a relatively lower density of mast cell infiltration of the papillary dermis compared to other clinical forms of mastocytosis. Also, in children, the density of mast cells in the affected skin was significantly higher compared to adults. In addition, in adults with PPCM, the  papillary dermis was less infiltrated with mast cells. This confirms the  opinion that the  monomorphic type of MPCM in children is phenotypically similar to MPCM in adults. Conclusions. Further prospective follow-up of patients may allow conclusions to be drawn about the prognostic value of pathological examination in mastocytosis in adults and children.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мастоцитоз кожи</kwd><kwd>гистология</kwd><kwd>мастоцитоз у детей</kwd><kwd>мастоцитома</kwd><kwd>системный мастоцитоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cutaneous mastocytosis</kwd><kwd>systemic mastocytosis</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>adults</kwd><kwd>histopathology</kwd><kwd>cutaneous mastocytoma</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Меликян А.Л., Суборцева И.Н., Горячева С.Р., Колошейнова Т.И., Вахрушева М.В., Ковригина А.М. и др. Мастоцитоз (обзор литературы и описание клинических случаев). Терапевтический архив. 2014;86(12):127–134. https://doi.org/10.17116/terarkh20148612127-134.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melikjan A.L., Subortseva I.N., Goriacheva S.R., Kolosheĭnova T.I., Vakhrusheva M.V., Kovrigina A.M. et al. Mastocytosis. Review of the literature and description of clinical cases. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 2014;86(12):127–134. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/terarkh20148612127-134.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ehrlich P. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der granulierten Bindegewebszellen und der eosinophilen Leukocythen. Arch Anat Physiol. 1879;(3):166–169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ehrlich P. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der granulierten Bindegewebszellen und der eosinophilen Leukocythen. Arch Anat Physiol. 1879;(3):166–169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reber L.L., Sibilano R., Mukai K., Galli S.J. Potential effector and immunoregulatory functions of mast cells in mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol. 2015;8(3):444–463. https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2014.131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reber L.L., Sibilano R., Mukai K., Galli S.J. Potential effector and immunoregulatory functions of mast cells in mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol. 2015;8(3):444–463. https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2014.131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hartmann K., Escribano L., Grattan C, Brockow K., Carter M. C., Alvarez-Twose I. et al. Cutaneous manifestations in patients with mastocytosis: Consensus report of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis; the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma &amp; Immunology; and the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137(1):35–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hartmann K., Escribano L., Grattan C, Brockow K., Carter M. C., AlvarezTwose I. et al. Cutaneous manifestations in patients with mastocytosis: Consensus report of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis; the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma &amp; Immunology; and the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137(1):35–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rönnberg E., Melo F.R., Pejler G. Mast cell proteoglycans. J Histochem Cytochem. 2012;60(12):950–962. https://doi.org/10.1369/0022155412458927.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rönnberg E., Melo F.R., Pejler G. Mast cell proteoglycans. J Histochem Cytochem. 2012;60(12):950–962. https://doi.org/10.1369/0022155412458927.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Metcalfe D.D., Mekori Y.A. Pathogenesis and Pathology of Mastocytosis. Annu Rev Pathol. 2017;12:487–514. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevpathol-052016-100312.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Metcalfe D.D., Mekori Y.A. Pathogenesis and Pathology of Mastocytosis. Annu Rev Pathol. 2017;12:487–514. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevpathol-052016-100312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valent P. Mastocytosis: a paradigmatic example of a rare disease with complex biology and pathology. Am J Cancer Res. 2013;3(2):159–172. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23593539.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valent P. Mastocytosis: a paradigmatic example of a rare disease with complex biology and pathology. Am J Cancer Res. 2013;3(2):159–172. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23593539.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chatterjee A., Ghosh J., Kapur R. Mastocytosis: a mutated KIT receptor induced myeloproliferative disorder. Oncotarget. 2015;6(21):18250–18264. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.4213.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chatterjee A., Ghosh J., Kapur R. Mastocytosis: a mutated KIT receptor induced myeloproliferative disorder. Oncotarget. 2015;6(21):18250–18264. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.4213.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berezowska S., Flaig M.J., Ruëff F., Walz C., Haferlach T., Krokowski M. et al. Adultonset mastocytosis in the skin is highly suggestive of systemic mastocytosis. Mod Pathol. 2014;27(1):19–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2013.117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berezowska S., Flaig M.J., Ruëff F., Walz C., Haferlach T., Krokowski M. et al. Adultonset mastocytosis in the skin is highly suggestive of systemic mastocytosis. Mod Pathol. 2014;27(1):19–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2013.117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valent P., Akin C., Metcalfe D.D. Mastocytosis: 2016 updated WHO classification and novel emerging treatment concepts. Blood. 2017;129(11):1420–1427. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-09-731893.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valent P., Akin C., Metcalfe D.D. Mastocytosis: 2016 updated WHO classification and novel emerging treatment concepts. Blood. 2017;129(11):1420–1427. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-09-731893.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matito A., Azaña J.M., Torrelo A., Alvarez-Twose I. Cutaneous Mastocytosis in Adults and Children: New Classification and Prognostic Factors. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2018;38(3):351–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2018.04.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matito A., Azaña J.M., Torrelo A., Alvarez-Twose I. Cutaneous Mastocytosis in Adults and Children: New Classification and Prognostic Factors. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2018;38(3):351–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2018.04.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wiechers T., Rabenhorst A., Schick T., Preussner L. M., Förster A., Valent P., et al. Large maculopapular cutaneous lesions are associated with favorable outcome in childhood-onset mastocytosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(6):1581–1590.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiechers T., Rabenhorst A., Schick T., Preussner L. M., Förster A., Valent P., et al. Large maculopapular cutaneous lesions are associated with favorable outcome in childhood-onset mastocytosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(6):1581–1590.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eady R.A., Cowen T., Marshall T.F., Plummer V., Greaves M.W. Mast cell population density, blood vessel density and histamine content in normal human skin. Br J Dermatol. 1979;100(6):623–633. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb08065.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eady R.A., Cowen T., Marshall T.F., Plummer V., Greaves M.W. Mast cell population density, blood vessel density and histamine content in normal human skin. Br J Dermatol. 1979;100(6):623–633. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb08065.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Janssens A.S., Heide R., den Hollander J.C., Mulder P.G., Tank B., Oranje A.P. Mast cell distribution in normal adult skin. J Clin Pathol. 2005;58(3):285–289. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2004.017210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Janssens A.S., Heide R., den Hollander J.C., Mulder P.G., Tank B., Oranje A.P. Mast cell distribution in normal adult skin. J Clin Pathol. 2005;58(3):285–289. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2004.017210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drabent P., Polivka L., Agopian J., Duong Van Huyen J.P., Thiebaut P.A., Dubreuil P. et al. Establishing diagnostic criteria for mastocytosis in skin biopsies. Histopathology. 2022;80(3):501–514. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.14573.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drabent P., Polivka L., Agopian J., Duong Van Huyen J.P., Thiebaut P.A., Dubreuil P. et al. Establishing diagnostic criteria for mastocytosis in skin biopsies. Histopathology. 2022;80(3):501–514. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.14573.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Castells M., Metcalfe D.D., Escribano L. Diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous mastocytosis in children: practical recommendations. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2011;12(4):259–270. https://doi.org/10.2165/11588890-000000000-00000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Castells M., Metcalfe D.D., Escribano L. Diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous mastocytosis in children: practical recommendations. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2011;12(4):259–270. https://doi.org/10.2165/11588890-000000000-00000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пальцев М.А., Потекаев Н.Н., Казанцева И.А., Кряжева С.С. Клиникоморфологическая диагностика и принципы лечения кожных болезней. 2-е изд. М.: Медицина; 2010. 512 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paltsev M.A., Potekaev N.N., Kazantseva I.A., Kryazheva S.S. Clinical and morphological diagnostics and principles of treatment of skin diseases. 2nd ed. Moscow: Meditsina; 2010. 512 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Скрипкин Ю.К. (ред.). Кожные и венерические болезни. В 4 томах. М.: Медицина; 1996. Т. 3. 432 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skripkin Yu.K. (ed.). Skin and venereal diseases. In 4 volumes. Moscow: Meditsina; 1996. Vol. 3. 432 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Raimondo C., Del Duca E., Silvaggio D., Di Prete M., Lombardo P., Mazzeo M. et al. Cutaneous mastocytosis: A dermatological perspective. Australas J Dermatol. 2021;62(1):e1–e7. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajd.13443.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Raimondo C., Del Duca E., Silvaggio D., Di Prete M., Lombardo P., Mazzeo M. et al. Cutaneous mastocytosis: A dermatological perspective. Australas J Dermatol. 2021;62(1):e1–e7. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajd.13443.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Exposito-Serrano V., Agut-Busquet E., Leal Canosa L., Herrerías Moreno J., Saez A., Luelmo J. Pleomorphic mastocytoma in an adult. J Cutan Pathol. 2018;45(2):176–179. https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.13080.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Exposito-Serrano V., Agut-Busquet E., Leal Canosa L., Herrerías Moreno J., Saez A., Luelmo J. Pleomorphic mastocytoma in an adult. J Cutan Pathol. 2018;45(2):176–179. https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.13080.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tirado M., Dobin S.M., Fernandez M.P., Rao A. Pleomorphic mastocytoma associated with loss of chromosome 5, PDGFRA, and HRAS mutations: A case of cutaneous mastocytosis with severe atypia and indolent behavior. J Cutan Pathol. 2021;48(1):116–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.13868.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tirado M., Dobin S.M., Fernandez M.P., Rao A. Pleomorphic mastocytoma associated with loss of chromosome 5, PDGFRA, and HRAS mutations: A case of cutaneous mastocytosis with severe atypia and indolent behavior. J Cutan Pathol. 2021;48(1):116–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.13868.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hosking A.M., Makdisi J., Ortenzio F., de Feraudy S., Smith J., Linden K. Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis: Case report and literature review. Pediatr Dermatol. 2018;35(6):e348–e352. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.13651.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hosking A.M., Makdisi J., Ortenzio F., de Feraudy S., Smith J., Linden K. Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis: Case report and literature review. Pediatr Dermatol. 2018;35(6):e348–e352. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.13651.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
