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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2023-213</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-7653</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Блефароспазм: анализ типичной врачебной практики и эффективность терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Blepharospasm: an analysis of typical medical practice and the effectiveness of therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-2668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толмачева</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolmacheva</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Толмачева Виолетта Александровна, к.м.н., ассистент кафедры нервных болезней и нейрохирургии Института клинической медицины</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Violetta A. Tolmacheva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant of the Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>2, Bldg. 4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vtolmacheva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1822-8973</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Романов Дмитрий Владимирович, д.м.н., профессор кафедры психиатрии и психосоматики Института клинической медицины; ведущий научный сотрудник отдела по изучению пограничной психической патологии и психосоматических расстройств</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Romanov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, Institute of Clinical Medicine; Leading Researcher, Department of Borderline Mental Pathology and Psychosomatic Disorders</p><p>2, Bldg. 4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p><p>34, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dm.v.romanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); Научный центр психического здоровья</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Mental Health Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>10</issue><elocation-id>163–167</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Толмачева В.А., Романов Д.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Толмачева В.А., Романов Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tolmacheva V.A., Romanov D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7653">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7653</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Блефароспазм (БС) – форма фокальной дистонии, при которой эффективна ботулинотерапия (БТ), однако данных о типичной практике ведения пациентов и эффективности длительной БТ при БС в нашей стране недостаточно.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Проанализировать типичную врачебную практику ведения пациентов с БС и эффективность длительной БТ.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 50 пациентов с идиопатическим БС, средний возраст – 58 лет (из них 37 женщин). Всем пациентам проводилось лечение ботулиническим токсином типа А. Анализировались типичная врачебная практика, ошибочные диагнозы, время установления правильного диагноза, тяжесть дистонии и качество жизни до БТ и в течение трехлетнего проспективного наблюдения. Тяжесть дистонии определяли при помощи индекса нетрудоспособности при БС (BSDI), качество жизни – на основании опросника EQ-5D.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Правильный диагноз установлен в среднем через 3 года. Большинство пациентов (84%) при появлении симптомов обращались к офтальмологу. Заболевания глаз и миастения – наиболее частые первичные ошибочные диагнозы при БС, по поводу которых назначалась неадекватная симптоматическая терапия. Через 1 мес. после БТ отмечено снижение индекса нетрудоспособности в среднем с 13,6 ± 5,1 до 2,7 ± 2,3 балла (p &lt; 0,001) по BSDI и повышение качества жизни с 59,9 ± 8,2 до 82,6 ± 6,4 балла (p &lt; 0,001) по EQ-5D. Проводимые в течение 3 лет повторные инъекции БТ (2–6 раз в год) также приводили к существенному положительному эффекту без значимых нежелательных явлений. Через 3 года снижение индекса нетрудоспособности достигло 10,7 ± 4,7 балла, а повышение качества жизни – 81,8 ± 5,9 балла по EQ-5D (p &lt; 0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Отмечена низкая информированность врачей, особенно офтальмологов, о симптомах БС, широкое использование неэффективных лекарственных средств. Длительное регулярное (2–6 раз в год) использование БТ уменьшает проявления заболевания, повышает качество жизни пациентов и не имеет существенных побочных эффектов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Blepharospasm (BS) is a form of focal dystonia in which botulinum therapy (BT) has been used successfully, however, data on typical practice of patient management and the effectiveness of long-term BT in BS in our country are insufficient.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To analyse the typical medical practice of management of patients with BS and the effectiveness of long-term BT.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A total of 50 patients with idiopathic BS, mean age 58 years (of which 37 were women) were included in the study. All patients were treated with botulinum toxin type A. Typical medical practice, erroneous diagnosis, time required to reach a correct diagnosis, severity of dystonia, and quality of life before BT and during a three-year prospective observation were analysed. The severity of dystonia was determined using the BS Disability Index (BSDI), and the quality of life was measured using the EQ-5D questionnaire.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The correct diagnosis was reached, on average, in 3 years. Upon onset of symptoms the majority of patients (84%) visited an ophthalmologist. Eye diseases and myasthenia gravis were the most common primary erroneous diagnosis in BS, which were treated with inadequate symptomatic therapy. After one-month BT, it was noted that the disability index decreased from an average of 13.6 ± 5.1 to 2.7 ± 2.3 scores (p &lt; 0.001) according to BSDI and the quality of life increased from 59.9 ± 8.2 to 82.6 ± 6.4 scores (p &lt; 0.001) according to the results of EQ-5D. Repeated BT injections (2–6 times a year) conducted for 3 years also resulted in essentially positive effect without significant adverse events. At the end of three years, the disability index decreased to 10.7 ± 4.7 scores, and the improvement in the quality of life reached 81.8 ± 5.9 scores according to the results of EQ-5D (p &lt; 0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The low awareness of doctors, especially ophthalmologists, about the symptoms of BS and the widespread use of ineffective drugs was noted. The long-term regular (2–6 times a year) use of BT reduces the symptoms of the disease, improves the quality of life of patients and has no significant side effects. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фокальная мышечная дистония</kwd><kwd>блефароспазм</kwd><kwd>ботулинотерапия</kwd><kwd>качество жизни</kwd><kwd>индекс нетрудоспособности</kwd><kwd>BSDI</kwd><kwd>EQ-5D</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>focal muscular dystonia</kwd><kwd>blepharospasm</kwd><kwd>botulinum therapy</kwd><kwd>quality of life</kwd><kwd>disability index</kwd><kwd>BSDI</kwd><kwd>EQ-5D</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jinnah H.A. The Dystonias. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2019;25(4):976–1000. https://doi.org/10.1212/con.0000000000000747.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jinnah H.A. The Dystonias. 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