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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2023-300</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-7847</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ ОРГАНОВ ЖКТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Функциональная диспепсия: современные патогенетические аспекты и терапевтические подходы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Functional dyspepsia: modern pathogenetic aspects and therapeutic approaches</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5896-429X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егоров</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Егоров Илья Вадимович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой  семейной  медицины, Институт интегративной  семейной  терапии.</p><p>117638, Москва, Симферопольский проезд, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilia V. Egorov - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Family Medicine, Institute of Integrative Family Therapy.</p><p>1, Simferopolskiy Proezd, Moscow, 117638</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilegor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт интегративной семейной терапии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Integrative Family Therapy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>18</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Егоров И.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Егоров И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Egorov I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7847">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7847</self-uri><abstract><p>Функциональная диспепсия, распространенность  которой в мире составляет до 20%, остается как причиной ограничения повседневной активности  пациентов,  так  и  очевидным  экономическим  бременем   из-за  затрат  на  здравоохранение. Несмотря на обширные исследования, этиология диспепсии у большинства пациентов остается неизвестной. Двигательная дисфункция кишечника долгое время считалась основной причиной, но недавние  исследования  показывают, что иммунные патофизиологические  и молекулярные влияния в двенадцатиперстной кишке являются более вероятными предрасполагающими  факторами. У большинства пациентов с этим заболеванием выявляется эозинофилия  и увеличение тучных клеток как в двенадцатиперстной кишке, так и в слизистой оболочке желудка. В настоящее время появляется все больше данных о значимой роли нарушенной парацеллюлярной  проницаемости  слизистой, что у пациентов  с функциональной диспепсией  ассоциировано с субклиническим воспалением  в подслизистом слое. Это объясняет слабую эффективность принятых лечебных  мер. Практика показывает, что после  эрадикационной  терапии  у большинства пациентов симптомы сохраняются или возвращаются. Ингибиторы протонной помпы и антидепрессанты  не помогают при постпрандиальном  дистресс-синдроме.  Предлагается  лечение  монтелукастом и кромолином, однако  пока этот подход  не имеет распространения. Поэтому очевидна необходимость поиска иных терапевтических подходов. Один из них – более широкое использование  прокинетиков, самым современным  из которых является акотиамид. Механизм его действия  имеет сходство с предыдущими поколениями прокинетиков (торможение активности ацетилхолинэстеразы), но отличается отсутствием вмешательства  в дофаминергию, за счет чего препарат  имеет куда меньше побочных явлений. Кроме того, обсуждается его влияние на выработку грелина, физиологическая  роль которого активно изучается.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Functional  dyspepsia, affecting  up to 20% of individuals worldwide, remains  both a cause  of decreased activity of patients’ daily life and an obvious economic burden  due to healthcare costs. Despite extensive research, the etiology of dyspepsia  is unknown  in most  patients. Intestinal motility dysfunction  has long been  considered the  major culprit, but recent  studies suggest  that  immune  pathophysiological and molecular  effects  in the  duodenum are far more likely predisposing factors. Eosinophilia  and an increase  in mast  cells in both  the  duodenum and gastric mucosa  are identified  in most patients with this disease. More and more data  on the significant  role of impaired  paracellular permeability of the intestinal mucosa are now available. It is associated with subclinical  inflammation in the submucosal layer in patients with functional  dyspepsia. This explains  the  poor effectiveness of the  treatments taken. The evidence  from practice  suggests that  symptoms  persist or return  after  eradication therapy  in most patients. Proton  pump inhibitors  and antidepressants do not ease  postprandial distress  syndrome.  Montelukast  and  cromolyn  therapy  has  been  proposed,  but  this  approach  is not  yet  widely popular. Therefore, there  is an obvious need  in finding other  therapeutic approaches. One of them  is the increased use of prokinetics, the most recent  of which is acotiamide.  Its mechanism  of action  is similar to that  of prior generation prokinetics  (inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity), but is distinguished by the absence of impact on dopaminergy, due to which the drug has  far fewer  side  effects. In addition,  its effect  on the  production  of ghrelin, which physiological  role  is being  actively studied, is discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>функциональная диспепсия</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>кишечные глиальные клетки</kwd><kwd>дегрануляция эозинофилов</kwd><kwd>грелин</kwd><kwd>акотиамид</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>functional  dyspepsia</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>enteric  glial cells</kwd><kwd>eosinophil  degranulation</kwd><kwd>ghrelin</kwd><kwd>acotiamide</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stanghellini V, Chan FK, Hasler WL, Malagelada JR, Suzuki H, Tack J, Talley NJ. Gastroduodenal Disorders. 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