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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2023-340</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-7887</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХРОНИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ ЛЕГКИХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHRONIC PULMONARY DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль сурфактанта в патогенезе бронхолегочной патологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Role of surfactant in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6521-7986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харитонов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharitonov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Харитонов Михаил Анатольевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор 1-й кафедры (терапии усовершенствования врачей) имени академика Н.С. Молчанова</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p><p>SPIN-код: 7678-2278</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Kharitonov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the 1st Department and Clinic (Advanced Physician Therapy) named after Academician N.S. Molchanov</p><p>6, Akademik Lebedev St., St Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">micjul11@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7914-6173</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рудаков</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudakov</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рудаков Юрий Викторович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент 1-й кафедры (терапии усовершенствования врачей) имени академика Н.С. Молчанова</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p><p>SPIN-код: 5864-3853</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri V. Rudakov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the 1st Department and Clinic (Advanced Physician Therapy) named after Academician N.S. Molchanov</p><p>6, Akademik Lebedev St., St Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rudakov_yura@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1851-0941</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салухов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salukhov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Салухов Владимир Владимирович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, начальник 1-й кафедры и клиники (терапии усовершенствования врачей) имени академика Н.С. Молчанова</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p><p>SPIN-код: 4531-6011</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Salukhov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the 1st Department and Clinic (Advanced Physician Therapy) named after Academician N.S. Molchanov</p><p>6, Akademik Lebedev St., St Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlasaluk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-9548</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волошин</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voloshin</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волошин Никита Игоревич, адъюнкт 1-й кафедры (терапии усовершенствования врачей) имени академика Н.С. Молчанова</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p><p>SPIN-код: 6061-4342</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita I. Voloshin, Adjunct of the 1st Department (Advanced Physician Therapy) named after Academician N.S. Molchanov</p><p>6, Akademik Lebedev St., St Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitavoloshin1990@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>20</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Харитонов М.А., Рудаков Ю.В., Салухов В.В., Волошин Н.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Харитонов М.А., Рудаков Ю.В., Салухов В.В., Волошин Н.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kharitonov M.A., Rudakov Y.V., Salukhov V.V., Voloshin N.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7887">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7887</self-uri><abstract><p>Легочный сурфактант является важной структурой легких, обеспечивающей основные жизненно важные функции: снижение альвеолярного поверхностного натяжения и облегчение дыхания, предотвращение спадения дыхательных путей и обеспечение их проходимости, защита от инфекций и патологических факторов окружающей среды. Хотя нарушения гомеостаза сурфактанта обычно рассматриваются в контексте респираторного дистресс-синдрома у недоношенных детей, установлено, что многие заболевания легких у взрослых сопровождаются значительными нарушениями гомеостаза сурфактанта. Тем не менее доклинические и клинические исследования бронхолегочной патологии слишком часто упускают из виду потенциальную роль изменений качественного или количественного состава легочного сурфактанта в патогенезе и развитии симптомов заболевания. При многих заболеваниях легких вопрос о том, являются ли эти нарушения гомеостаза причиной или следствием, остается предметом дискуссий. В этом обзоре будут рассмотрены современные данные о составе, основных функциях легочного сурфактанта и роли его дисфункции в патогенезе наиболее часто встречающихся в практике пульмонологов, терапевтов и специалистов по реабилитации бронхолегочных заболеваний, в частности, таких, как острый респираторный дистресс-синдром взрослых, в т. ч. связанный с новой коронавирусной инфекцией, пневмонии различной этиологии и их последствия, бронхиальная астма, хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких. В обзоре представлен имеющийся в настоящий момент передовой опыт заместительной терапии препаратами экзогенного сурфактанта и перспективы фармакологической модуляции нарушений гомеостаза сурфактанта при вышеперечисленных нозологических формах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pulmonary surfactant is an important structure of the lungs, providing basic vital functions: reducing alveolar surface tension and facilitating breathing, preventing collapse of the airways and ensuring their patency, protection against infections and pathological environmental factors. Although disturbances of surfactant homeostasis are usually considered in the context of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants, it has been established that many lung diseases in adults are accompanied by significant disturbances of surfactant homeostasis. However, preclinical and clinical studies of bronchopulmonary pathology too often overlook the potential role of changes in the qualitative or quantitative composition of pulmonary surfactant in the pathogenesis and development of disease symptoms. In many lung diseases, whether these disturbances in homeostasis are cause or effect remains contravertial field. This review will examine current data on the composition, main functions of pulmonary surfactant and the role of its dysfunction in the pathogenesis of the most frequently encountered bronchopulmonary diseases in the practice of pulmonologists, therapists and rehabilitation specialists, in particular, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults, including associated with a new coronavirus infection, pneumonia of various etiologies and their consequences, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The review presents the current best practices of replacement therapy with exogenous surfactant preparations and the prospects for pharmacological modulation of surfactant homeostasis disorders in the above nosological forms.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сурфактант</kwd><kwd>сурфактантопатия</kwd><kwd>сурфактант-терапия</kwd><kwd>бронхолегочные заболевания</kwd><kwd>новая коронавирусная инфекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>surfactant</kwd><kwd>surfactantopathy</kwd><kwd>surfactant-therapy</kwd><kwd>bronchopulmonary diseases</kwd><kwd>novel coronavirus infection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han S, Mallampalli RK. The Role of Surfactant in Lung Disease and Host Defense against Pulmonary Infections. 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