<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2023-289</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-7902</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>COVID-19</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Характеристика пациентов с саркоидозом, обратившихся к пульмонологу в период пандемии COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Characteristics of patients with sarcoidosis who referred to a pulmonologist during the COVID-19 pandemic</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5028-5276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Визель</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vizel</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Визель Александр Андреевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой фтизиопульмонологии</p><p>420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49</p><p>SPIN: 5918-5465;</p><p>Author ID: 195447</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Vizel, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Department of Phthisiopulmonology</p><p>49, Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lordara@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-8177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Визель</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vizel</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Визель Ирина Юрьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор РАЕ, доцент кафедры фтизиопульмонологии</p><p>420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49</p><p>SPIN: 6000-3813;</p><p>Author ID: 246946</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Yu. Vizel, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Russian Academy of Natural History, Associate Professor of Department of Phthisiopulmonology</p><p>49, Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatpulmo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2551-5671</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шакирова</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakirova</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шакирова Гульназ Ринатовна, кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры фтизиопульмонологии</p><p>420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulnaz R. Shakirova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant of Department of Phthisiopulmonology</p><p>49, Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adeleashakirova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1219-4957</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Визель</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vizel</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Визель Леонид Александрович, студент</p><p>420008, Казань, ул. Кремлевская, д. 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid A. Vizel, Student</p><p>18, Kremlin St., Kazan, 420008</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">laskaleo2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>20</issue><fpage>164</fpage><lpage>171</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Визель А.А., Визель И.Ю., Шакирова Г.Р., Визель Л.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Визель А.А., Визель И.Ю., Шакирова Г.Р., Визель Л.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vizel A.A., Vizel I.Y., Shakirova G.R., Vizel L.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7902">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7902</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В период пандемии COVID-19 обретался первый опыт ведения пациентов с саркоидозом в условиях опасной вирусной инфекции, сочетания двух заболеваний и вакцинации от COVID-19. Публикации по этой проблеме остаются неоднозначными, это сделало актуальным оценку ведения пациентов с саркоидозом во время пандемии и особенности вакцинации этих пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить состояние больных саркоидозом, обратившихся к пульмонологу в период пандемии, сравнить параметры пациентов с саркоидозом, болевших и не болевших COVID-19, с легким и тяжелым течением, а также оценить эффективность и безопасность вакцинации.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование было ретроспективным, наблюдательным, неинтервенционным. Было включено 299 пациентов, обращавшихся к пульмонологу, у 176 (58,9%) из которых развился COVID-19, и у 123 (41,1%) вирусного заболевания не было. Сбор информации по перенесшим COVID-19 проводился с помощью прикладной программы COVIZ. Обобщение данных и статистическую обработку проводили в программе SPPS-18 (IBM). Статистически значимыми принимали значения p &lt; 0,05.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Сравнение данных пациентов с саркоидозом, заболевших и не заболевших COVID-19, в период пандемии показало, что заболевшие этой вирусной инфекцией были значимо моложе, чаще имели внелегочные проявления саркоидоза. Пациенты не различались по лучевым стадиям саркоидоза, частоте синдрома Лефгрена и частоте семейных случаев гранулематоза. Применение метотрексата сопровождалось большей частотой возникновения COVID-19, вероятность заболеть была более чем в три раза выше (ОШ = 3,39; ДИ 95% 1,12–10,28). Среди получавших СГКС (n = 49) чаще заболевали COVID-19 те, у кого доза составляла 10 мг в эквиваленте преднизолона и выше (ОШ = 12,056; ДИ 95% 2,12–68,5). Риск развития COVID-19 у непривитых был значимо выше, чем у тех, кто получил вакцину уже после перенесенного вирусного заболевания (ОШ = 2,50; ДИ 95% 1,75–3,58). Представлен один случай летального исхода.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Проведенный ретроспективный анализ случаев саркоидоза в период пандемии COVID-19 свидетельствовал о благоприятном течении обоих заболеваний при их сочетании. Негативным прогностическим фактором было применение иммуносупрессивной терапии по поводу саркоидоза. Вакцинация от COVID-19 была эффективна и безопасна у пациентов с саркоидозом легких.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the first experience was gained in managing patients with sarcoidosis in the face of a dangerous viral infection, a combination of two diseases and vaccination against COVID-19. Publications on this issue remain ambiguous, which made it relevant to assess the management of patients with sarcoidosis during a pandemic and the features of vaccination of these patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To assess the condition of patients with sarcoidosis who turned to a pulmonologist during the pandemic, to compare the parameters of patients with sarcoidosis who had and did not have COVID-19, with mild and severe course, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of vaccination.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study was a retrospective, observational, non-interventional study. We included 299 patients who visited a pulmonologist in 176 (58.9%) of whom developed COVID-19 and 123 (41.1%) did not have a viral disease. Information on survivors of COVID-19 was collected using the COVIZ application. Data summarization and statistical processing were carried out using the SPPS-18 program (IBM) p &lt; 0.05 values were considered statistically significant.</p></sec><sec><title>Research results</title><p>Research results. Comparison of data of patients with sarcoidosis who fell ill and did not become ill with COVID-19 during the pandemic period showed that those who fell ill with this viral infection were significantly younger, more often had extrapulmonary manifestations of sarcoidosis. Patients did not differ in the radiation stage of sarcoidosis, the frequency of Löfgren’s syndrome, and the frequency of familial cases of granulomatosis. The use of methotrexate was accompanied by a higher incidence of COVID-19, the probability of getting sick was more than 3 times higher (OR = 3.39; 95% CI 1.12–10.28). Among those who received GCS (n = 49), those who received a dose of 10 mg prednisolone equivalent and above (OR = 12.056; CI95% 2.12–68.5) were more likely to develop COVID-19. The risk of developing COVID-19 in those who were not vaccinated was significantly higher than in those who received the vaccine after a viral illness (OR = 2.50; CI95% 1.75–3.58). One case of death is presented.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A retrospective analysis of cases of sarcoidosis during the COVID-19 pandemic indicated a favorable course of both diseases when combined. Negative prognostic factors were the use of immunosuppressive therapy for sarcoidosis and severe comorbidities of the cardiovascular system. Vaccination against COVID-19 was effective and safe in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпителиоидноклеточный гранулематоз</kwd><kwd>пандемия</kwd><kwd>коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epithelioid cell granulomatosis</kwd><kwd>pandemic</kwd><kwd>coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Визель АА, Визель ИЮ, Шакирова ГР. Саркоидоз в период пандемии новой инфекции COVID-19. Медицинский алфавит. 2020;(19):65–69. https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-19-65-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vizel AA, Vizel IYu, Shakirova GR. Sarcoidosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical Alphabet. 2020;(19):65–69. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-19-65-69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Добин ВЛ, Панин ИВ. Саркоидоз и COVID-19. Туберкулез и болезни легких. 2021;99(8):7–12. https://doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-8-7-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobin VL, Panin IV. Sarcoidosis and COVID-19. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases. 2021;99(8):7–12. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-8-7-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kahlmann V, Manansala M, Moor CC, Shahrara S, Wijsenbeek MS, Sweiss NJ. COVID-19 infection in patients with sarcoidosis: susceptibility and clinical outcomes. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2021;27(5):463–471. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCP.0000000000000812.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kahlmann V, Manansala M, Moor CC, Shahrara S, Wijsenbeek MS, Sweiss NJ. COVID-19 infection in patients with sarcoidosis: susceptibility and clinical outcomes. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2021;27(5):463–471. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCP.0000000000000812.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhatti FS, Malik AA, Malik AA. Presence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan-A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(5):e0265865. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265865.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhatti FS, Malik AA, Malik AA. Presence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan-A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(5):e0265865. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265865.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pokhriyal SC, Nabeel Pasha M, Khan A, Uwiringiyimana R, Idris H. Sarcoidosis presenting as a lung mass in a patient with COVID-19 infec tion: A case report. Cureus. 2023;15(5):e39136. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.39136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pokhriyal SC, Nabeel Pasha M, Khan A, Uwiringiyimana R, Idris H. Sarcoidosis presenting as a lung mass in a patient with COVID-19 infec tion: A case report. Cureus. 2023;15(5):e39136. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.39136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Capaccione KM, McGroder C, Garcia CK, Fedyna S, Saqi A, Salvatore MM. COVID-19-induced pulmonary sarcoid: A case report and review of the literature. Clin Imaging. 2022;83:152–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.12.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Capaccione KM, McGroder C, Garcia CK, Fedyna S, Saqi A, Salvatore MM. COVID-19-induced pulmonary sarcoid: A case report and review of the literature. Clin Imaging. 2022;83:152–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.12.021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Somboonviboon D, Wattanathum A, Keorochana N, Wongchansom K. Sarcoidosis developing after COVID-19: A case report. Respirol Case Rep. 2022;10(9):e01016. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcr2.1016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Somboonviboon D, Wattanathum A, Keorochana N, Wongchansom K. Sarcoidosis developing after COVID-19: A case report. Respirol Case Rep. 2022;10(9):e01016. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcr2.1016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadeghi S, Mobarakeh SR, Momenzadeh M, Aria A, Heidarpour M, Ahmadi SH, Naderi Z. New-onset lung sarcoidosis, an adverse event by COVID-19 or a sign of convalescence; a case report. Clin Case Rep. 2023;11(5):e7339. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.7339.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadeghi S, Mobarakeh SR, Momenzadeh M, Aria A, Heidarpour M, Ahmadi SH, Naderi Z. New-onset lung sarcoidosis, an adverse event by COVID-19 or a sign of convalescence; a case report. Clin Case Rep. 2023;11(5):e7339. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.7339.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strykowski R, Patel DC, Neto MR, Hena KM, Gulati M, Maier LA, Patterson K. Rationale and design of the SARCoidosis Outcomes in all respiratory Viral Infectious Diseases (SARCOVID) Study. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2022;9(1):e001254. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001254.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strykowski R, Patel DC, Neto MR, Hena KM, Gulati M, Maier LA, Patterson K. Rationale and design of the SARCoidosis Outcomes in all respiratory Viral Infectious Diseases (SARCOVID) Study. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2022;9(1):e001254. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001254.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Numakura T, Murakami K, Tamada T, Yamaguchi C, Inoue C, Ohkouchi S et al. A Novel development of sarcoidosis following COVID-19 vaccination and a literature review. Intern Med. 2022;61(20):3101–3106. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.0104-22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Numakura T, Murakami K, Tamada T, Yamaguchi C, Inoue C, Ohkouchi S et al. A Novel development of sarcoidosis following COVID-19 vaccination and a literature review. Intern Med. 2022;61(20):3101–3106. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.0104-22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albers CC, Metze D, Steinbrink K, Böhm M. Systemic sarcoidosis with cutaneous tattoo involvement following COVID-19 vaccination. Acta Derm Venereol. 2023;103:adv6244. https://doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v103.6244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albers CC, Metze D, Steinbrink K, Böhm M. Systemic sarcoidosis with cutaneous tattoo involvement following COVID-19 vaccination. Acta Derm Venereol. 2023;103:adv6244. https://doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v103.6244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohaghegh F, Hatami P, Refaghat A, Matini AH, Mohseni Afshar Z, Aryanian Z. Unmasking sarcoidosis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: A case report. Clin Case Rep. 2022;10(12):e6660. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.6660.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohaghegh F, Hatami P, Refaghat A, Matini AH, Mohseni Afshar Z, Aryanian Z. Unmasking sarcoidosis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: A case report. Clin Case Rep. 2022;10(12):e6660. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.6660.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ju HJ, Lee JY, Han JH, Lee JH, Bae JM, Lee S. Risk of autoimmune skin and connective tissue disorders after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023;89(4):685–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2023.05.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ju HJ, Lee JY, Han JH, Lee JH, Bae JM, Lee S. Risk of autoimmune skin and connective tissue disorders after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023;89(4):685–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2023.05.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scadding JG. Prognosis of intrathoracic sarcoidosis in England. A review of 136 cases after five years’ observation. Br Med J. 1961;2(5261):1165–1172. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5261.1165.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scadding JG. Prognosis of intrathoracic sarcoidosis in England. A review of 136 cases after five years’ observation. Br Med J. 1961;2(5261):1165–1172. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5261.1165.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manansala M, Chopra A, Baughman RP, Novak R, Lower EE, Culver DA et al. COVID-19 and Sarcoidosis, Readiness for Vaccination: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:672028. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.672028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manansala M, Chopra A, Baughman RP, Novak R, Lower EE, Culver DA et al. COVID-19 and Sarcoidosis, Readiness for Vaccination: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:672028. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.672028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atahan E, Çalışkaner Öztürk B, Akçin R, Sarıbaş S, Kocazeybek B. Humoral and cellular immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 vaccination in patients with sarcoidosis. Balkan Med J. 2023;40(1):34–39. https://doi.org/10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2022.2022-8-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atahan E, Çalışkaner Öztürk B, Akçin R, Sarıbaş S, Kocazeybek B. Humoral and cellular immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 vaccination in patients with sarcoidosis. Balkan Med J. 2023;40(1):34–39. https://doi.org/10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2022.2022-8-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Renaudineau Y, Sailler L, Abravanel F, Izopet J, Delourme A, Biotti D et al. Glucocorticoid use as a cause of non-cellular immune response to SARS- Cov2 Spike in patients with immune system diseases. J Autoimmun. 2022;133:102912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102912.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Renaudineau Y, Sailler L, Abravanel F, Izopet J, Delourme A, Biotti D et al. Glucocorticoid use as a cause of non-cellular immune response to SARS- Cov2 Spike in patients with immune system diseases. J Autoimmun. 2022;133:102912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102912.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Desbois AC, Marques C, Lefèvre L, Barmo S, Lorenzo C, Leclercq M et al. Prevalence and clinical features of COVID-19 in a large cohort of 199 patients with sarcoidosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2022;40(1):195–196. https://doi.org/10.55563/clinexprheumatol/b7zd6b.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Desbois AC, Marques C, Lefèvre L, Barmo S, Lorenzo C, Leclercq M et al. Prevalence and clinical features of COVID-19 in a large cohort of 199 patients with sarcoidosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2022;40(1):195–196. https://doi.org/10.55563/clinexprheumatol/b7zd6b.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">López-Muñiz Ballesteros B, Noriega C, Lopez-de-Andres A, Jimenez-Garcia R, Zamorano-Leon JJ, Carabantes-Alarcon D, de Miguel-Díez J. Sex differences in temporal trends in hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality in patients with sarcoidosis in Spain from 2001 to 2020. J Clin Med. 2022;11(18):5367. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185367.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">López-Muñiz Ballesteros B, Noriega C, Lopez-de-Andres A, Jimenez-Garcia R, Zamorano-Leon JJ, Carabantes-Alarcon D, de Miguel-Díez J. Sex differences in temporal trends in hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality in patients with sarcoidosis in Spain from 2001 to 2020. J Clin Med. 2022;11(18):5367. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185367.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воробьева ОВ, Гималдинова НЕ, Романова ЛП. Патоморфологические признаки острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома при конкурирующих заболеваниях легких: COVID-19 и саркоидоз. Инфекция и иммунитет. 2022;12(6):1191–1196. https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-PFO-1872.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vorobieva OV, Gimaldinova NE, Romanova LP. Pathological features of acute respiratory distress syndrome in competing lung diseases: COVID-19 and sarcoidosis. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. 2022;12(6):1191–1196. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-PFO-1872.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lommatzsch M, Rabe KF, Taube C, Joest M, Kreuter M, Wirtz H et al. Risk Assessment for patients with chronic respiratory conditions in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic statement of the German Respiratory Society with the support of the German Association of Chest Physicians. Respiration. 2022;101(3):307–320. https://doi.org/10.1159/000518896.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lommatzsch M, Rabe KF, Taube C, Joest M, Kreuter M, Wirtz H et al. Risk Assessment for patients with chronic respiratory conditions in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic statement of the German Respiratory Society with the support of the German Association of Chest Physicians. Respiration. 2022;101(3):307–320. https://doi.org/10.1159/000518896.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">George LJ, Philip AM, John KJ, George AA, Nayar J, Mishra AK. Lal A. A review of the presentation and outcome of sarcoidosis in coronavirus disease 2019. J Clin Transl Res. 2021;7(5):657–665. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34778596.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">George LJ, Philip AM, John KJ, George AA, Nayar J, Mishra AK. Lal A. A review of the presentation and outcome of sarcoidosis in coronavirus disease 2019. J Clin Transl Res. 2021;7(5):657–665. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34778596.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chevalier K, Genin M, Jean TP, Avouac J, Flipo RM, Georgin-Lavialle S et al. CovAID: Identification of factors associated with severe COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory rheumatism or autoimmune diseases. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023;10:1152587. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1152587.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chevalier K, Genin M, Jean TP, Avouac J, Flipo RM, Georgin-Lavialle S et al. CovAID: Identification of factors associated with severe COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory rheumatism or autoimmune diseases. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023;10:1152587. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1152587.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Opoka LM, Wyrostkiewicz D, Winek J, Błasińska K, Miłkowska-Dymanowska J, Szturmowicz M. SARS-CoV-2 lung disease in a patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis – case report. Adv Respir Med. 2020;88(6):620–625. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2020.0199.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Opoka LM, Wyrostkiewicz D, Winek J, Błasińska K, Miłkowska-Dymanowska J, Szturmowicz M. SARS-CoV-2 lung disease in a patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis – case report. Adv Respir Med. 2020;88(6):620–625. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2020.0199.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tana C, Cinetto F, Mantini C, Bernardinello N, Tana M, Ricci F et al. Sarcoidosis and COVID-19: At the Cross-Road between Immunopathology and Clinical Manifestation. Biomedicines. 2022;10(10):2525. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102525.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tana C, Cinetto F, Mantini C, Bernardinello N, Tana M, Ricci F et al. Sarcoidosis and COVID-19: At the Cross-Road between Immunopathology and Clinical Manifestation. Biomedicines. 2022;10(10):2525. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102525.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saketkoo LA, Jensen K, Nikoletou D, Newton JJ, Rivera FJ, Howie M et al. Sarcoidosis illuminations on living during COVID-19: Patient experiences of diagnosis, management, and survival before and during the pandemic. J Patient Exp. 2022;9:23743735221075556. https://doi.org/10.1177/23743735221075556.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saketkoo LA, Jensen K, Nikoletou D, Newton JJ, Rivera FJ, Howie M et al. Sarcoidosis illuminations on living during COVID-19: Patient experiences of diagnosis, management, and survival before and during the pandemic. J Patient Exp. 2022;9:23743735221075556. https://doi.org/10.1177/23743735221075556.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
