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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2023-373</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-7917</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение узнаваемости запахов у населения регионов Российской Федерации: кросс-секционное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Odors determition among the population of the regions of the Russian Federation: Cross-sectional study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9697-2597</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>Г. B.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лебедева Гая Валерьевна, аспирант</p><p>119991,, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 6, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gaya V. Lebedeva, Postgraduate Student</p><p>6, Bldg. 1, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gde12@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8552-1395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свистушкин</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svistushkin</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свистушкин Михаил Валерьевич, ассистент кафедры болезней уха, горла и носа</p><p>119991,, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 6, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Svistushkin, Аssistant for Ear, Nose and Throat Department</p><p>6, Bldg. 1, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svistushkin_m_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5296-0463</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селезнева</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Selezneva</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Селезнева Лилия Валерьевна, ассистент кафедры болезней уха, горла и носа</p><p>119991,, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 6, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>V. Selezneva, Аssistant for Ear, Nose and Throat Department</p><p>6, Bldg. 1, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">selezneva_l_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6208-0999</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеенко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеенко Елена Викторовна, д.т.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой биотехнологии и технологии продуктов биоорганического синтеза</p><p>125080, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Alekseenko, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Head of Biotechnology and Technology of Bioorganic Synthesis Products</p><p>11, Volokolamsk Highway, Moscow, 125080</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AlekseenkoEV@mgupp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3370-4226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирш</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirsch</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирш Ирина Анатольевна, д.х.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой «Промышленный дизайн, технология упаковки и экспертиза»</p><p>125080, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Kirsch, Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Head of the Department “Industrial Design, Packaging Technology and Expertise”</p><p>11, Volokolamsk Highway, Moscow, 125080</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirshia@mgupp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1458-6279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозова Светлана Вячеславовна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры болезней уха, горла и носа</p><p>119991,, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 6, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Morozova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chair for Otorhinolaryngology</p><p>6, Bldg. 1, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">morozova_s_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7414-1293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свистушкин</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svistushkin</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свистушкин Валерий Михайлович, профессор, заведующий кафедрой болезней уха, горла и носа</p><p>119991,, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 6, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Valeriy M. Svistushkin, Professor, Head of the Ear, Nose and Throat Department </p><p>6, Bldg. 1, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svistushkin_v_m@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский биотехнологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Biotechnological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>19</issue><fpage>180</fpage><lpage>186</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лебедева Г.B., Свистушкин М.В., Селезнева Л.В., Алексеенко Е.В., Кирш И.А., Морозова С.В., Свистушкин В.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лебедева Г.B., Свистушкин М.В., Селезнева Л.В., Алексеенко Е.В., Кирш И.А., Морозова С.В., Свистушкин В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lebedeva G.V., Svistushkin M.V., Selezneva L.V., Alekseenko E.V., Kirsch I.A., Morozova S.V., Svistushkin V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7917">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7917</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Необходимым условием адекватной диагностики обонятельных нарушений является соответствие используемых в тестах запахов социокультурным особенностям населения, идентифицируемые ароматизаторы должны быть хорошо узнаваемы. Применение неадаптированных тестов искажает результаты и приводит к ложной диагностике патологии у человека с нормальным обонянием.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определить узнаваемость запахов в различных регионах Российской Федерации.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняло участие 3000 человек из 8 федеральных округов РФ. Использовался опросник, основанный на шкале Лайкерта. Испытуемые оценивали свой уровень знакомства с каждым запахом из предложенного списка, присвоив ему балл от 1 до 5. Всего в опроснике было перечислено 100 наименований, включая 16 наименований пахучих веществ, стандартного набора 3-го этапа (оценка способности идентификации) Sniffin’ Sticks Test, 40 названий ароматов психофизического теста университета Пенсильвании (UPSIT) и 44 запаха, встречающихся в повседневной жизни населения нашей страны.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На первых 25 позициях самых узнаваемых запахов в порядке убывания находятся: 1) кофе; 2) апельсин;</p><p>13) яблоко; 14) спирт; 15) рыба; 16) скошенная трава; 17) шоколад; 18) ацетон; 19) банан; 20) горячий хлеб; 21) роза;</p><p>22) сирень; 23) дыня; 24) арбуз; 25) огурец. Из 16 запахов 3-го этапа идентификации стандартного набора Sniffin’ Sticks Test – 43,75% входят в первые 16 позиций узнаваемых запахов российского рейтинга, а из 40 запахов обонятельного теста UPSIT – 52,5%.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Данное исследование показало, какие запахи являются хорошо узнаваемыми населением России, и подтвердило, что культурная адаптация является необходимой процедурой перед рутинным использованием обонятельных тестов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Currently, the main way to assess olfactory disorders is olfactory tests. A necessary condition for adequate diagnosis is that the odors used in tests correspond to the sociocultural characteristics of the population; the identified flavors must be well recognizable. The use of unadapted tests distorts the results and leads to a false diagnosis of the pathology in a person with a normal sense of smell. The research for identification of the most known odors is an important stage in validation of the existing tests and in the development of new ones.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Determination odors in various regions of the Russian Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: 3000 people from 8 federal districts of the Russian Federation took part in the study. This study was conducted using a questionnaire based on a Likert scale. The subject was required to assess his level of familiarity with each odor from the proposed list, assigning it a score from 1 to 5. In total, the questionnaire listed 100 names, including 16 names of odors, the standard set of the 3rd stage (assessment of identification ability) Sniffin’ Sticks Test, 40 names of odorants of the University of Pennsylvania Psychophysical Test (UPSIT) and 44 odors found in the everyday life of the population of our country.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the first 25 positions of the most recognizable smells, in descending order, there are: 1) coffee; 2) orange; 3) garlic; bleach; 5) mint; 6) tobacco smoke; 7) gasoline; 8) tangerine; 9) lemon; 10) smoke from a fire; 11) onion; 12) strawberry; 13) apple; 14) alcohol; 15) fish; 16) mown grass; 17) chocolate; 18) acetone; 19) banana; 20) hot bread; 21) rose; 22) lilac; 23) melon; 24) watermelon; 25) cucumber. Among the 16 odors of the 3rd stage of identification of the standard set “Sniffin’ Sticks Test” – 43.75% are included in the first 16 positions of recognizable odors of the Russian rating, and among the 40 odors of the UPSIT olfactory test – 52.5%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: This study showed which odors are well recognized by the Russian population and confirmed that cultural adaptation as a necessary procedure before routine use of olfactory tests.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нарушения обоняния</kwd><kwd>диагностика обонятельной способности</kwd><kwd>одорант</kwd><kwd>психофизические тесты</kwd><kwd>Sniffin’ Sticks Test</kwd><kwd>UPSIT</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>olfactory disorders</kwd><kwd>diagnostics of olfactory ability</kwd><kwd>odorant</kwd><kwd>psychophysical tests</kwd><kwd>Sniffin’ Sticks Test</kwd><kwd>UPSIT</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao Z, Yang A, D’Aloisio AA, Suarez L, Deming-Halverson S, Li C et al. 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