References

medsovet

Медицинский Совет

Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council

2079-701X2658-5790

REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.

10.21518/ms2023-429

medsovet-7925

Research Article

ЦЕРЕБРОВАСКУЛЯРНЫЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ

CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES

Реабилитация после инсульта

Rehabilitation after stroke

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3009-3020

Пизов

Н. А.

Pizov

N. A.

Пизов Николай Александрович - заведующий отделением медицинской реабилитации пациентов с нарушениями функции центральной нервной системы, врач по медицинской реабилитации.

150030, Ярославль, Суздальское шоссе, д. 39

Nikolai A. Pizov - Head of the Department of Medical Rehabilitation of Patients with Disorders of the Central Nervous System, Medical Rehabilitation Doctor, Clinical Hospital No. 2.

39, Suzdalskoe Shosse, Yaroslavl, 150030

pizov.n.a@gmail.com

Клиническая больница №2РоссияClinical Hospital No. 2Russian Federation

2023

22112023

0212833

2023

Пизов Н.А.

Pizov N.A.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7925

Инсульт является одной из наиболее распространенных причин неврологических нарушений у взрослых. Восстановление после инсульта, как правило, неполное, и примерно 50% пациентов остаются инвалидами, что делает их зависимыми от других. Функциональный дефицит после инсульта также связан с огромным финансовым бременем для пациента, семьи и общества. Во всем мире инсульт является основной причиной инвалидности у взрослых, часто приводя к таким расстройствам, как мышечная слабость, сенсорный дефицит, спастичность, проблемы с равновесием, снижение ловкости, трудности в общении и когнитивные нарушения. Увеличение числа людей, перенесших инсульт, создает высокий спрос на эффективные и доступные методы нейрореабилитации. Реабилитация после инсульта направлена на снижение инвалидности путем содействия восстановлению после нарушений, активности или участия. В реабилитационном менеджменте могут использоваться различные техники и методы. Реабилитация после инсульта требует повторяющейся, интенсивной, целенаправленной терапии. Реабилитационные тренировки позволяют эффективно улучшить функцию конечностей у пациентов, перенесших инсульт, и снизить уровень инвалидности. Эффективность большинства вмешательств для верхних и нижних конечностей обусловлена повторением и принципами моторного обучения в зависимости от задачи и контекста. Важными направлениями в области реабилитации пациентов после инсульта будут оптимизация прогнозирования постинсультных исходов, выявление более чувствительных и специфичных биомаркеров для восстановления, индивидуализация реабилитационных мероприятий в зависимости от тяжести и характера сосудистой катастрофы, а также понимание и устранение социально-экономических препятствий в процессе восстановления.

Stroke is one of the most common causes of neurological impairment in adults. Recovery from impairment after a stroke is usually incomplete, and approximately 50% of patients are left with disabilities, making them dependent on others. Functional deficits after stroke are also associated with huge financial burden on the patient, family, and society. Worldwide, stroke is the leading cause of disability in adults, often resulting in impairments such as muscle weakness, sensory deficits, spasticity, balance problems, decreased dexterity, communication difficulties and cognitive impairment. The increased number of stroke survivors creates a high demand for effective and accessible neurorehabilitation treatments. Rehabilitation after stroke aims to reduce disability by facilitating recovery of impairment, activity or participation. Different techniques and methods can be used in rehabilitation management. Stroke rehabilitation requires repetitive, intensive, goal-oriented therapy. Rehabilitation training can effectively improve limb functioning in stroke patients and reduce disability. The effectiveness of most interventions for the upper and lower limbs is driven by repetition and principles of task- and context-specific motor learning. Among the important directions of stroke rehabilitation will be to optimize the prediction of post-stroke outcomes, identify more sensitive and specific recovery biomarkers, personalize rehabilitation measures depending on the severity and nature of the vascular accident, as well as understand and address socio-economic barriers to the recovery process.

инсультреабилитацияверхняя конечностьнижняя конечностьходьбаречевые нарушениякогнитивные нарушения

strokerehabilitationupper limblower limbwalkingspeech disorderscognitive impairment

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.