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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2024-004</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-8113</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ШКОЛА ПЕДИАТРА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICIAN SCHOOL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аппендикс – «приложение к двенадцати метрам кишечника или кладовая микробиоты»?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Appendix: “an appendage to a twelve-meter gut or a storehouse for microbiota”?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Ирина Николаевна, д.м.н., профессор, Заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии имени Г.Н. Сперанского</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Zakharova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honoured Doctor of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kafedra25@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Османов</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osmanov</surname><given-names>I.  M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Османов Исмаил Магомедович, д.м.н., профессор, главный врач</p><p>125373, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ismail M. Osmanov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Chief Physician</p><p>28, Geroyev Panfilovtsev St., Moscow, 125373</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">OsmanovIM@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-9926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коровин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korovin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коровин Сергей Афанасьевич, д.м.н., профессор кафедры детской хирургии имени академика С.Я. Долецкого</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Korovin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p><p>   </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korovinsa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6504-1969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оробинский</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orobinsky</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оробинский Сергей Борисович, врач – детский хирург</p><p>125373, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey B. Orobinsky, Pediatric surgeon</p><p>28, Geroyev Panfilovtsev St., Moscow, 125373</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">orobinsckij.s@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2121-4010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оробинская</surname><given-names>Я. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orobinskaya</surname><given-names>Ya. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оробинская Яна Владимировна, аспирант кафедры педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana V. Orobinskaya, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yanashbook@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2847-6268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бережная</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezhnaya</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бережная Ирина Владимировна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Berezhnaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">berezhnaya-irina26@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3774-2633</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гостюхина</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gostyukhina</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гостюхина Анастасия Дмитриевна, аспирант кафедры педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia D. Gostyukhina, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p><p>   </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gostuhinaa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детская городская клиническая больница имени З.А. Башляевой</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashlyaeva City Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>293–301</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захарова И.Н., Османов И.М., Коровин С.А., Оробинский С.Б., Оробинская Я.В., Бережная И.В., Гостюхина А.Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захарова И.Н., Османов И.М., Коровин С.А., Оробинский С.Б., Оробинская Я.В., Бережная И.В., Гостюхина А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharova I.N., Osmanov I.M., Korovin S.A., Orobinsky S.B., Orobinskaya Y.V., Berezhnaya I.V., Gostyukhina A.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8113">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8113</self-uri><abstract><p>Острый аппендицит является наиболее часто встречающейся хирургической патологией в педиатрической практике. Оперативные вмешательства у детей с острым и осложненным аппендицитом выполняются по экстренным показаниям в различные сроки заболевания. В настоящее время лапароскопическая аппендэктомия стала «золотым стандартом» экстренной хирургической помощи детям. Совершенствование технологических приемов оперативных вмешательств и протоколов послеоперационного ведения минимизировали осложнения у детей до 5–7%. В настоящее время предметом обсуждения являются вопросы аргументации выполнения «попутных аппендэктомий» при минимальных макроскопических изменениях червеобразного отростка у детей с неспецифическим брыжеечным лимфаденитом, кишечными инвагинациями, конкрементами в просвете червеобразного отростка, обоснования показаний и сроков для оперативных вмешательств при хроническом аппендиците. Долгое время аппендикс считался «ненужным» органом, просто рудиментом, оставшимся в процессе эволюции человека. За последние два столетия велась большая работа по исследованию аппендикса. Строение червеобразного отростка уникально. Он имеет узкий просвет, обильную мукозо-ассоциированную лимфоидную ткань и ценный микробный состав. Недавно была выдвинута гипотеза о том, что аппендикс имеет иммуномодулирующие функции и служит убежищем для микробиоты, предоставляя комменсальные бактерии для восстановления кишечника после перенесенных инфекций или проведения антибактериальной терапии. Есть исследования, свидетельствующие о том, что после удаления аппендикса возрастает риск воспалительных заболеваний кишечника, включая язвенный колит. Однако механизмы этой причинно-следственной связи остаются неясными. В данной статье мы рассматриваем современные данные о микробиоме аппендикса и связи между аппендиксом и язвенным колитом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical pathology in paediatric practice. Surgical interventions in children with acute and complicated appendicitis are performed when urgently indicated at various stages of the disease. Laparoscopic appendectomy has become the current “gold standard” for providing emergency surgery care to children. Improvements in surgical techniques and post-operative protocols have reduced complications in children to 5–7%. The current discussion topics include the issues of argumentation of “incidental appendectomies” to be performed in minimal macroscopic changes in the vermiform appendix in children with nonspecific mesenteric lymphadenitis, intestinal indigitation, appendiceal lithiasis, justifications for indications and timing for surgical interventions in chronic appendicitis. The appendix has long been considered an “unnecessary” organ, just vestigial structures left over in the process of human evolution. Over the past two centuries, much work has been done to study the appendix. The structure of the vermiform appendix is unique. It has a narrow lumen, abundant mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and valuable microbial composition. It has recently been hypothesized that the appendix has immunomodulatory functions and serves as a “safe house” for the microbiota, providing commensal bacteria that may restore the gut after infections or antibiotic therapy. Some studies suggest that removal of the appendix increases the risk of inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis. However, mechanisms underlying such causal relationship remain unclear. This article considers current knowledge when addressing the appendix microbiome and the relationship between the appendix and ulcerative colitis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>аппендикс</kwd><kwd>микробиом</kwd><kwd>иммунокоррегирующая функция</kwd><kwd>язвенный колит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>appendix</kwd><kwd>microbiome</kwd><kwd>immunocorrective function</kwd><kwd>ulcerative colitis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jumah S, Wester T. Non operative management facute appendicitis in children. Pediatr Surg Int. 2023;39(1):11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-022-05284-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jumah S, Wester T. Non operative management facute appendicitis in children. 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