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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2024-165</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-8177</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К вопросу о диагностике и лечении рефрактерных и рецидивирующих вагинозов и вагинитов в практике гинеколога</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the diagnosis and treatment of refractory and recurrent vaginosis and vaginitis in the practice of a gynecologist</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4723-4299</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горбунова Елена Алексеевна, врач – акушер-гинеколог, научный сотрудник отделения эстетической гинекологии и реабилитации</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Gorbunova, Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Research Officer of the Department of Aesthetic gynecology and Rehabilitation</p><p>4, Academician Oparin St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">el_gorbunova@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аполихина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Apolikhina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инна Анатольевна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая отделением эстетической гинекологии и реабилитации, Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова; профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии, перинатологии и репродуктологии Института профессионального образования, Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4,</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna A. Apolikhina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Aesthetic Gynecology and Rehabilitation, Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology; Professor of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology, Institute of Professional Education, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</p><p>4, Academician Oparin St., Moscow, 117997, </p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apolikhina@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова;&#13;
Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горбунова Е.А., Аполихина И.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горбунова Е.А., Аполихина И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorbunova E.A., Apolikhina I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8177">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8177</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность заболеваний, сопровождающихся патологическими выделениями из половых путей, неоспорима. Это ведущая причина обращения женщин к гинекологу. Несмотря на рутинность заболеваний, связанных с патологическими выделениями из половых путей, – бактериальный вагиноз, аэробный вагинит, кандидозный вульвовагинит, смешанный вагинит – вопросы их диагностики и лечения остаются неразрешенными. В лечении вагинозов и вагинитов все чаще мы сталкивается с образованием биопленки и, соответственно, рефрактерным ответом на лечение или рецидивом заболевания. Как показывают исследования, рефрактерный ответ и рецидив заболевания – это разные состояния, которые требуют разных лечебных и профилактических подходов, но в обоих случаях их причиной часто становится формирование биопленки. Биопленочные вагиниты – проблема нового века. Воздействие на биопленки представляет собой нелегкую задачу при лечении бактериальных инфекций и является одной из основных причин персистенции инфекций. В настоящее время более 80% бактериальных инфекций вызваны образованием бактериальных биопленок. Благодаря биопленке возникает повышенная толерантность к противомикробным препаратам по ряду причин. В статье обсуждаются доступные методы преодоления антибиотикорезистентности при бактериальном вагинозе и вагините, возможность избежать рецидива заболевания без нанесения существенного вреда микробиоте влагалища. Отдельное внимание уделяется антисептику широкого спектра действия – деквалиния хлориду. В отличие от антибиотиков деквалиния хлорид менее токсичен для лактобацилл и не увеличивает риск развития кандидозного вульвовагинита. Он действует как на причины бактериального вагиноза, так и на флору, не связанную с бактериальным вагинозом, что делает его эффективным препаратом при аэробных и смешанных вагинитах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relevance of diseases accompanied by pathological secretions from the genital tract is undeniable. This is the leading reason for women to go to a gynecologist. Despite the routine nature of diseases associated with pathological secretions from the genital tract – bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis, candidiasis vulvovaginitis, mixed vaginitis – the issues of their diagnosis and treatment remain unresolved. In the treatment of vaginosis and vaginitis, we are increasingly faced with the formation of biofilms and, accordingly, a refractory response to treatment or a relapse of the disease. Research shows that refractory response and relapse of the disease are different conditions that require different therapeutic and preventive approaches, but in both cases their cause is often the formation of biofilm. Biofilm vaginitis is a problem of the new century. Biofilms are a difficult task in the treatment of bacterial infections and are one of the main causes of infection persistence. Currently, more than 80% of bacterial infections are caused by the formation of bacterial biofilms. Due to the biofilm, increased tolerance to antimicrobials is maintained for a number of reasons. The article discusses available methods of overcoming antibiotic resistance in bacterial vaginosis and vaginitis, the possibility of avoiding recurrence of the disease without causing significant harm to the vaginal microbiota. Special attention is paid to such an antiseptic as dequalinium chloride. Unlike antibiotics, dequalinium chloride is less toxic to lactobacilli and does not increase the risk of developing candidiasis vulvovaginitis. It works well both on the causes of bacterial vaginosis and on flora unrelated to bacterial vaginosis, which makes it a potentially effective drug for aerobic and mixed vaginitis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бактериальный вагиноз</kwd><kwd>аэробный вагинит</kwd><kwd>смешанный вагинит</kwd><kwd>кандидозный вульвовагинит</kwd><kwd>рецидив</kwd><kwd>рефрактерный вариант</kwd><kwd>деквалиния хлорид</kwd><kwd>биопленки</kwd><kwd>микроскопия</kwd><kwd>неспецифический вагинит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bacterial vaginosis</kwd><kwd>aerobic vaginitis</kwd><kwd>mixed vaginitis</kwd><kwd>candidiasis vulvovaginitis</kwd><kwd>recurrent bacterial vaginosis</kwd><kwd>refractory bacterial vaginosis</kwd><kwd>dequalinium chloride</kwd><kwd>biofilms</kwd><kwd>microscopy</kwd><kwd>nonspecific vaginitis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muzny CA, Cerca N, Elnaggar JH, Taylor CM, Sobel JD, Van Der Pol B. 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