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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2024-128</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-8202</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРЕ- И ПОСТМЕНОПАУЗА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRE- AND POSTMENOPAUSE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности ведения пациенток с патологией эндометрия в пери- и постменопаузальном периодах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Traits of intrauterine pathology management in the peri- and postmenopausal period</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0751-7566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>И. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванов Илья Андреевич, к.м.н., научный сотрудник отделения гинекологической эндокринологии</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya A. Ivanov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Researcher at the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology</p><p>4, Academician Oparin St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctor.i.ivanov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7286-6047</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Думановская</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dumanovskaya</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Думановская Мадина Равилевна, к.м.н., научный сотрудник отделения гинекологической эндокринологии</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Madina R. Dumanovskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Researcher at the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology</p><p>4, Academician Oparin St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m_dumanovskaya@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>148</fpage><lpage>154</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванов И.A., Думановская М.Р., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванов И.A., Думановская М.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanov I.A., Dumanovskaya M.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8202">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8202</self-uri><abstract><p>Увеличение числа ановуляторных циклов в фазу менопаузального перехода, приводящих к относительной гиперэстрогении, и стойкая гипоэстрогения в постменопаузе оказывают существенное влияние на пролиферативную активность и морфологию эндометрия, что находит отражение в изменении структуры внутриматочной патологии. Частота выявления атипической гиперплазии и рака эндометрия у женщин пери- и постменопаузального периодов достигает своих максимальных значений, в связи с чем одним из важнейших принципов ведения пациенток данных возрастных групп является своевременное выявление злокачественных и предраковых заболеваний эндометрия. Учитывая существенные изменения гормонального фона, диагностические и терапевтические алгоритмы в данный период имеют множество особенностей, учитывающие вмешивающиеся факторы, которые могут исказить результаты и привести как к гипо-, так и к гипердиагностике. В обзоре проанализированы основные причины аномальных маточных кровотечений у женщин в постменопаузальном периоде, особенности их клинической манифестации с учетом вероятных ятрогенных причин, внематочных и экстрагенитальных источников кровянистых выделений. Описаны принципы проведения и интерпретации ультразвукового исследования, требующего учета фазы менструального цикла, длительности менопаузы, приема гормональной терапии и селективных модуляторов эстрогеновых рецепторов. Представлены показания и ключевые принципы проведения биопсии эндометрия, в т. ч. при несоответствии клинической картины и результатов ультразвукового исследования, а также с учетом менопаузального статуса и ятрогенных вмешивающихся факторов. В обзоре разбираются принципы медикаментозной коррекции, возможности выжидательной тактики и хирургического лечения аномальных маточных кровотечений как при наличии органической патологии эндометрия, так при ее отсутствии с учетом онконастороженности в пери- и постменопаузальном периодах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Increasing number of anovulatory cycles in the perimenopause, leading to relative hyperestrogenism, and persistent hypoestrogenism in postmenopause, increase the proliferative activity and change the endometrium morphology. That is associated with higher rates of intrauterine pathology. The prevalence of atypical hyperplasia and endometrial cancer in women of the peri- and postmenopausal periods reaches its maximum values. Therefore, one of the most important concepts of patient’s management is to exclude malignant and precancerous endometrial pathology. Significant hormonal changes leads to important confounders in diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms. It could lead to both hypo- and hyperdiagnosis. The review analyzes the main causes of abnormal uterine bleeding, the features of their clinical manifestation, taking into account probable iatrogenic causes, extrauterus and extragenital sources of spotting. This article reviews the principles of ultrasound examination, considering menstrual cycle phase, duration of menopause, hormone treatment, as well as indications for endometrial biopsy, in case of inconsistency of clinical presentation, ultrasound results, menopausal status and iatrogenic factors. We describe the relevant principles of medical correction, wait-and-see tactics and surgical treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding, both in the presence of organic pathology of the endometrium, and in its absence.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аномальные маточные кровотечения</kwd><kwd>патология эндометрия</kwd><kwd>рак эндометрия</kwd><kwd>гиперплазия эндометрия</kwd><kwd>полип эндометрия</kwd><kwd>постменопауза</kwd><kwd>перименопауза</kwd><kwd>менопаузальная гормональная терапия</kwd><kwd>тамоксифен</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>abnormal uterine bleeding</kwd><kwd>endometrial pathology</kwd><kwd>endometrial cancer</kwd><kwd>endometrial hyperplasia</kwd><kwd>endometrial polyp</kwd><kwd>postmenopause</kwd><kwd>perimenopause</kwd><kwd>menopausal hormone therapy</kwd><kwd>tamoxifen</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Munro MG, Critchley HOD, Fraser IS. 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