References

medsovet

Медицинский Совет

Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council

2079-701X2658-5790

REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.

10.21518/ms2024-150

medsovet-8208

Research Article

ПРАКТИКА

PRACTICE

Умственное утомление и синдром хронической усталости в клинической практике

Mental fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome in clinical practice

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7465-0677

Пизова

Н. В.

Pizova

N. V.

Пизова Наталия Вячеславовна, д.м.н., профессор кафедры нервных болезней с медицинской генетикой и нейрохирургией

150000, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, д. 5

Nataliia V. Pizova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Nervous Diseases with Medical Genetics and Neurosurgery

5, Revolutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000

pizova@yandex.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0522-675X

Пизов

А. В.

Pizov

A. V.

Пизов Александр Витальевич, к.б.н., доцент кафедры медицины

150000, Ярославль, ул. Республиканская, д. 108/1

Aleksandr V. Pizov, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor of the Department of Medicine

108/1, Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000

avpizov@yandex.ru

Ярославский государственный медицинский университетРоссияYaroslavl State Medical UniversityRussian Federation

Ярославский государственный педагогический университет имени К.Д. УшинскогоРоссияYaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. UshinskyRussian Federation

2024

02052024

03185192

2024

Пизова Н.В., Пизов А.В.

Pizova N.V., Pizov A.V.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8208

Усталость является крайне инвалидизирующим симптомом как у здорового человека, так и при различных заболеваниях. Физическое утомление характеризуется ограничением при выполнении физических действий, в то время как при умственном / когнитивном утомлении возникают трудности с концентрацией внимания и выполнением когнитивных задач. Умственное и физическое переутомление существует как при патологической, так и при физиологической усталости. Утомление – это прежде всего адаптивный физиологический процесс, который является сигналом к отдыху и способствует сохранению энергии для предотвращения травм, что может быть полезно после интенсивной работы, при необходимости перераспределения ресурсов организма, например во время инфекции. В клинической практике важно различать усталость / утомление и синдром хронической усталости. Синдром хронической усталости имеет мультисистемные проявления и поражает миллионы людей во всем мире. Хотя точная этиология синдрома хронической усталости неизвестна, исследования указывают на неврологические, иммунологические, вегетативные и энергетические нарушения. Основные признаки синдрома хронической усталости – это изнурительная усталость, усугубляющаяся активностью, плохая переносимость нагрузок, неосвежающий сон и когнитивные нарушения. Снижение скорости обработки информации является наиболее часто встречающимся когнитивным нарушением при синдроме хронической усталости. Другие проявления включают снижение времени реакции, рабочей памяти и внимания. Данные симптомы должны присутствовать не менее 3–6 мес. Поскольку специфичных тестов для диагностики синдрома хронической усталости не существует, диагноз основывается на истории болезни и физикальном осмотре. Несмотря на то что не существует стандартизованных методов лечения, специфичных для синдрома хронической усталости, клиницисты могут уменьшить тяжесть симптомов с помощью фармакологических и нефармакологических методов лечения, продемонстрировавших свою эффективность в клинической практике. В частности, ноотропные препараты широко применяются при астенических состояниях и синдроме хронической усталости. Фонтурацетам – ноотропное средство, оказывает прямое активирующее влияние на интегративную деятельность головного мозга, способствует консолидации памяти, улучшает концентрацию внимания и умственную деятельность.

Fatigue is an extremely disabling symptom both in healthy people and in various diseases. Physical fatigue is characterized by limitations in physical functioning, while mental/cognitive fatigue involves difficulties in concentrating and performing cognitive tasks. Mental and physical fatigue exist in both pathological and physiological fatigue. Fatigue is primarily an adaptive physiological process. It is a signal to have a rest and helps conserve energy to prevent injury, which can be useful after intense work, or when the body’s defenses need to be redistributed, for example, during infectious disease. It is important to distinguish between fatigue or tiredness and chronic fatigue syndrome in clinical practice. Chronic fatigue syndrome has multisystem manifestations and affects millions of people globally. Although the exact aetiology of chronic fatigue syndrome is uncertain, the studies point to neurological, immunological, autonomic and energy disorders. The main sings of chronic fatigue syndrome are debilitating fatigue that is worsened by activity, poor exercise tolerance, unrefreshing sleep and cognitive impairment. Reduced information processing speed is the most common cognitive impairment in chronic fatigue syndrome. Other manifestations include decreased reaction time, working memory, and attention. These symptoms must persist for at least 3–6 months for a diagnosis to be made. As there are no specific tests for chronic fatigue syndrome, a diagnosis can be established on the basis of a medical history and physical examination.

Although there are no standards-based methods specific to chronic fatigue syndrome, clinicians can reduce the severity of symptoms using pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment approaches that have proved their efficacy in clinical practice. In particular, nootropics are widely used in asthenic conditions and chronic fatigue syndrome. Fonturacetam is a nootropic drug that directly activates brain integration activities, promotes memory consolidation, and improves concentration and mental activity.

умственное переутомлениесиндром хронической усталостимиалгический энцефаломиелитстресскогнитивная нагрузкакогнитивные нарушениятерапевтические подходыфонтурацетам

mental strainchronic fatigue syndromemyalgic encephalomyelitisstresscognitive loadcognitive impairmenttherapeutic approachesfonturacetam

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.