<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2024-019.</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-8298</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИКЛАДНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГИИ И КАРДИОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>APPLIED ASPECTS OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND CARDIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Паллиативная медицинская помощь при хронической сердечной недостаточности: немедикаментозные методы облегчения основных симптомов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Palliative care for chronic heart failure: non-pharmacological methods of relieving the main symptoms</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1707-436X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевцова</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevcova</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевцова Вероника Ивановна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры поликлинической терапии</p><p>394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, д. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veronica I. Shevcova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Polyclinic Therapy</p><p>10, Studencheskaya St., Voronezh, 394036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shevvi17@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9026-7763</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пашкова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashkova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пашкова Анна Александровна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой поликлинической терапии</p><p>394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, д. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Pashkova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Polyclinic Therapy</p><p>10, Studencheskaya St., Voronezh, 394036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zuikova-terapia23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4851-9766</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колпачева</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolpacheva</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колпачева Марина Геннадьевна, ассистент кафедры поликлинической терапии</p><p>394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, д. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina G. Kolpacheva, Assistant of the Department of Polyclinic Therapy</p><p>10, Studencheskaya St., Voronezh, 394036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina.kolpacheva.1997@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3171-2880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саламатова</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salamatova</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саламатова Валерия Николаевна, студент лечебного факультета</p><p>394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, д. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriya N. Salamatova, Student of the Faculty of Medicine</p><p>10, Studencheskaya St., Voronezh, 394036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valeriyasalamatova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>250</fpage><lpage>259</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевцова В.И., Пашкова А.А., Колпачева М.Г., Саламатова В.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевцова В.И., Пашкова А.А., Колпачева М.Г., Саламатова В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevcova V.I., Pashkova A.A., Kolpacheva M.G., Salamatova V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8298">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8298</self-uri><abstract><p>Хроническая сердечная недостаточность является одной из основных причин роста смертности и инвалидизации населения по всему миру. На конечных стадиях хронической сердечной недостаточности, когда изнуряющие пациентов симптомы уже не поддаются лечению, встает вопрос об оказании паллиативной медицинской помощи. На сегодняшний день в актуальных клинических рекомендациях и руководствах отсутствуют данные о проведении паллиативных мероприятий в отношении данной категории пациентов. В таких условиях врачи часто не понимают, какую тактику ведения им необходимо избрать. Потому возрастает важность интеграции паллиативной медицинской помощи в лечение хронической сердечной недостаточности. Множество симптомов, сопряженных с терминальными стадиями хронической сердечной недостаточности, оказывают негативное влияние на общее состояние и качество жизни пациентов. Основными из них выступают одышка, боль, проявления астении, а также расстройства тревожно-депрессивного характера. В целях максимально возможного улучшения качества жизни таких пациентов паллиативная медицинская помощь должна быть комплексной: регулярная фармакотерапия, назначенная в соответствии с актуальными клиническими рекомендациями и сочетающаяся с различными немедикаментозными методами купирования основных симптомов. В качестве методов могут рассматриваться основные мероприятия кардиореабилитации, включающие регулярные физические тренировки, обучение соблюдению режима лечения, методикам управления стрессом, психологическую поддержку. Важное значение в организации паллиативной медицинской помощи имеют взаимоотношения пациентов и лиц, обеспечивающих уход, с медицинскими работниками. Адекватная и своевременная коммуникация необходима для улучшения самоконтроля и соблюдения медикаментозного лечения, предотвращения незапланированной госпитализации, информирования о принятии решений и в конечном счете обеспечения благополучной смерти. В статье рассматриваются основные концепции организации и оказания паллиативноймедицинской помощи пациентам с хронической сердечной недостаточностью, а также немедикаментозные паллиативныемероприятия, предложенные европейскими, американскими и российскими специалистами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic heart failure is one of the main causes of the increase in mortality and disability of the population around the world. In the final stages of chronic heart failure, when the debilitating symptoms of patients no longer respond to treatment, the issue of palliative care arises. To date, current clinical recommendations and guidelines do not contain data on palliative measures for this category of patients – in such conditions, doctors often do not understand what tactics of patient management they need to choose. Therefore, the importance of integrating palliative care into the treatment of chronic heart failure is increasing. Many symptoms associated with the terminal stages of chronic heart failure have a negative impact on the general condition and quality of life of patients. The main ones are shortness of breath, pain, manifestations of asthenia, as well as anxiety-depressive disorders. In order to maximize the possible improvement in the quality of life of such patients, palliative care should be comprehensive: regular pharmacotherapy prescribed in accordance with current clinical recommendations, combined with various non-drug methods for relieving the main symptoms. As such methods, the main cardiac rehabilitation measures can be considered, including regular physical training, training in compliance with the treatment regimen, stress management techniques, and psychological support. The relationship of patients and caregivers with medical professionals is important in the organization of palliative care. Adequate and timely communication is necessary to improve self-control and compliance with medication, prevent unplanned hospitalization, inform decision-making and, ultimately, ensure a safe death. The article discusses the basic concepts of organizing and providing palliative care to patients with chronic heart failure, as well as non-pharmacological palliative measures proposed by European, American, and Russian specialists.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>одышка</kwd><kwd>астения</kwd><kwd>боль</kwd><kwd>немедикаментозное лечение</kwd><kwd>физические тренировки</kwd><kwd>дыхательные упражнения</kwd><kwd>психотерапия</kwd><kwd>коммуникация с пациентами</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dyspnea</kwd><kwd>asthenia</kwd><kwd>pain</kwd><kwd>non-pharmacological treatment</kwd><kwd>physical training</kwd><kwd>breathing exercises</kwd><kwd>psychotherapy</kwd><kwd>communication with patients</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поляков ДС, Фомин ИВ, Беленков ЮН, Мареев ВЮ, Агеев ФТ, Артемьева ЕГ и др. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность в Российской Федерации: что изменилось за 20 лет наблюдения? Результаты исследования ЭПОХА-ХСН. Кардиология. 2021;61(4):4–14. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2021.4.n1628.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polyakov DS, Fomin IV, Belenkov YuN, Mareev VYu, Ageev FT, Artemieva EG et al. Chronic Heart Failure in the Russian Federation: What Has Changed Over 20 Years of Follow-Up? Results of the EPOCH-CHF Study. Kardiologiia. 2021;61(4):4–14. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2021.4.n1628.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riley JP, Beattie JM. Palliative care in heart failure: facts and numbers. ESC Heart Fail. 2017;4(2):81–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.12125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riley JP, Beattie JM. Palliative care in heart failure: facts and numbers. ESC Heart Fail. 2017;4(2):81–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.12125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Терещенко СН, Галявич АС, Агеев ФТ, Арутюнов ГП, Беграмбекова ЮЛ, Беленков ЮН и др. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность: клинические рекомендации. М.; 2020. 155 с. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/156_1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Терещенко СН, Галявич АС, Агеев ФТ, Арутюнов ГП, Беграмбекова ЮЛ, Беленков ЮН и др. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность: клинические рекомендации. М.; 2020. 155 с. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/156_1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE Jr, Drazner MH et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/ American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2013;128(16):1810–1852. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e31829e8807.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE Jr, Drazner MH et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/ American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2013;128(16):1810–1852. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e31829e8807.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599–3726. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599–3726. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jaarsma T, Beattie JM, Ryder M, Rutten FH, McDonagh T, Mohacsi P et al. Palliative care in heart failure: a position statement from the palliative care workshop of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(5):433–443. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjhf/hfp041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jaarsma T, Beattie JM, Ryder M, Rutten FH, McDonagh T, Mohacsi P et al. Palliative care in heart failure: a position statement from the palliative care workshop of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(5):433–443. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjhf/hfp041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новиков ГА (ред.). Курс лекций по паллиативной медицине. М.: Российская ассоциация паллиативной медицины; 2017. 776 с. Режим доступа: https://www.msmsu.ru/upload/medialibrary/c72/c72093f5771c9b1558e0d512f63edb19.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Новиков ГА (ред.). Курс лекций по паллиативной медицине. М.: Российская ассоциация паллиативной медицины; 2017. 776 с. Режим доступа: https://www.msmsu.ru/upload/medialibrary/c72/c72093f5771c9b1558e0d512f63edb19.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zambroski CH, Moser DK, Bhat G, Ziegler C. Impact of symptom prevalence and symptom burden on quality of life in patients with heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2005;4(3):198–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2005.03.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zambroski CH, Moser DK, Bhat G, Ziegler C. Impact of symptom prevalence and symptom burden on quality of life in patients with heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2005;4(3):198–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2005.03.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blinderman CD, Homel P, Billings JA, Portenoy RK, Tennstedt SL. Symptom distress and quality of life in patients with advanced congestive heart failure. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2008;35(6):594–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.06.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blinderman CD, Homel P, Billings JA, Portenoy RK, Tennstedt SL. Symptom distress and quality of life in patients with advanced congestive heart failure. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2008;35(6):594–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.06.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lokker ME, Gwyther L, Riley JP, van Zuylen L, van der Heide A, Harding R. The Prevalence and Associated Distress of Physical and Psychological Symptoms in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure Attending a South African Medical Center. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2016;31(4):313–322. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000256.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lokker ME, Gwyther L, Riley JP, van Zuylen L, van der Heide A, Harding R. The Prevalence and Associated Distress of Physical and Psychological Symptoms in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure Attending a South African Medical Center. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2016;31(4):313–322. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000256.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(17):e263–e421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.12.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(17):e263–e421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.12.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piepoli MF, Conraads V, Corrà U, Dickstein K, Francis DP, Jaarsma T et al. Exercise training in heart failure: from theory to practice. A consensus document of the Heart Failure Association and the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Heart Fail. 2011;13(4):347–357. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjhf/hfr017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piepoli MF, Conraads V, Corrà U, Dickstein K, Francis DP, Jaarsma T et al. Exercise training in heart failure: from theory to practice. A consensus document of the Heart Failure Association and the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Heart Fail. 2011;13(4):347–357. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjhf/hfr017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Remawi BN, Gadoud A, Preston N. The experiences of patients with advanced heart failure, family carers, and health professionals with palliative care services: a secondary reflexive thematic analysis of longitudinal interview data. BMC Palliat Care. 2023;22(1):115. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-023-01241-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Remawi BN, Gadoud A, Preston N. The experiences of patients with advanced heart failure, family carers, and health professionals with palliative care services: a secondary reflexive thematic analysis of longitudinal interview data. BMC Palliat Care. 2023;22(1):115. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-023-01241-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pandey A, Parashar A, Kumbhani D, Agarwal S, Garg J, Kitzman D et al. Exercise training in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Circ Heart Fail. 2015;8(1):33–40. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001615.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pandey A, Parashar A, Kumbhani D, Agarwal S, Garg J, Kitzman D et al. Exercise training in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Circ Heart Fail. 2015;8(1):33–40. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001615.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maddox TM, Januzzi JL Jr, Allen LA, Breathett K, Butler J, Davis LL et al. 2021 Update to the 2017 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway for Optimization of Heart Failure Treatment: Answers to 10 Pivotal Issues About Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(6):772–810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maddox TM, Januzzi JL Jr, Allen LA, Breathett K, Butler J, Davis LL et al. 2021 Update to the 2017 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway for Optimization of Heart Failure Treatment: Answers to 10 Pivotal Issues About Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(6):772–810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wisløff U, Støylen A, Loennechen JP, Bruvold M, Rognmo Ø, Haram PM et al. Superior cardiovascular effect of aerobic interval training versus moderate continuous training in heart failure patients: a randomized study. Circulation. 2007;115(24):3086–3094. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wisløff U, Støylen A, Loennechen JP, Bruvold M, Rognmo Ø, Haram PM et al. Superior cardiovascular effect of aerobic interval training versus moderate continuous training in heart failure patients: a randomized study. Circulation. 2007;115(24):3086–3094. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams V, Reich B, Uhlemann M, Niebauer J. Molecular effects of exercise training in patients with cardiovascular disease: focus on skeletal muscle, endothelium, and myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2017;313(1):H72–H88. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00470.2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams V, Reich B, Uhlemann M, Niebauer J. Molecular effects of exercise training in patients with cardiovascular disease: focus on skeletal muscle, endothelium, and myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2017;313(1):H72–H88. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00470.2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Connor CM, Whellan DJ, Lee KL, Keteyian SJ, Cooper LS, Ellis SJ et al. Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009;301(14):1439–1450. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.454.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Connor CM, Whellan DJ, Lee KL, Keteyian SJ, Cooper LS, Ellis SJ et al. Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009;301(14):1439–1450. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.454.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Myers J. Principles of exercise prescription for patients with chronic heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2008;13(1):61–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-007-9051-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Myers J. Principles of exercise prescription for patients with chronic heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2008;13(1):61–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-007-9051-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor JL, Myers J, Bonikowske AR. Practical guidelines for exercise prescription in patients with chronic heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2023;28(6):1285–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-023-10310-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor JL, Myers J, Bonikowske AR. Practical guidelines for exercise prescription in patients with chronic heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2023;28(6):1285–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-023-10310-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smart NA, Dieberg G, Giallauria F. Functional electrical stimulation for chronic heart failure: a meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2013;167(1):80–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.12.019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smart NA, Dieberg G, Giallauria F. Functional electrical stimulation for chronic heart failure: a meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2013;167(1):80–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.12.019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kadoglou NP, Mandila C, Karavidas A, Farmakis D, Matzaraki V, Varounis C et al. Effect of functional electrical stimulation on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24(8):833–839. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487316687428.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadoglou NP, Mandila C, Karavidas A, Farmakis D, Matzaraki V, Varounis C et al. Effect of functional electrical stimulation on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24(8):833–839. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487316687428.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haykowsky MJ, Daniel KM, Bhella PS, Sarma S, Kitzman DW. Heart Failure: Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: Who, When, and How Intense? Can J Cardiol. 2016;32(10 Suppl. 2):S382–S387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2016.06.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haykowsky MJ, Daniel KM, Bhella PS, Sarma S, Kitzman DW. Heart Failure: Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: Who, When, and How Intense? Can J Cardiol. 2016;32(10 Suppl. 2):S382–S387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2016.06.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carvalho VO, Mezzani A. Aerobic exercise training intensity in patients with chronic heart failure: principles of assessment and prescription. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2011;18(1):5–14. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR.0b013e32833a9c63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carvalho VO, Mezzani A. Aerobic exercise training intensity in patients with chronic heart failure: principles of assessment and prescription. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2011;18(1):5–14. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR.0b013e32833a9c63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wen CP, Wai JP, Tsai MK, Yang YC, Cheng TY, Lee MC et al. Minimum amount of physical activity for reduced mortality and extended life expectancy: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2011;378(9798):1244–1253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60749-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wen CP, Wai JP, Tsai MK, Yang YC, Cheng TY, Lee MC et al. Minimum amount of physical activity for reduced mortality and extended life expectancy: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2011;378(9798):1244–1253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60749-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saeidifard F, Medina-Inojosa JR, West CP, Olson TP, Somers VK, Bonikowske AR et al. The association of resistance training with mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019;26(15):1647–1665. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319850718.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saeidifard F, Medina-Inojosa JR, West CP, Olson TP, Somers VK, Bonikowske AR et al. The association of resistance training with mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019;26(15):1647–1665. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319850718.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cornelissen VA, Fagard RH, Coeckelberghs E, Vanhees L. Impact of resistance training on blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Hypertension. 2011;58(5):950–958. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.177071.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cornelissen VA, Fagard RH, Coeckelberghs E, Vanhees L. Impact of resistance training on blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Hypertension. 2011;58(5):950–958. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.177071.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bjarnason-Wehrens B, Mayer-Berger W, Meister ER, Baum K, Hambrecht R, Gielen S et al. German Federation for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Recommendations for resistance exercise in cardiac rehabilitation. Recommendations of the German Federation for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2004;11(4):352–361. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hjr.0000137692.36013.27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bjarnason-Wehrens B, Mayer-Berger W, Meister ER, Baum K, Hambrecht R, Gielen S et al. German Federation for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Recommendations for resistance exercise in cardiac rehabilitation. Recommendations of the German Federation for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2004;11(4):352–361. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hjr.0000137692.36013.27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams MA, Haskell WL, Ades PA, Amsterdam EA, Bittner V, Franklin BA et al. Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. 2007;116(5):572–584. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams MA, Haskell WL, Ades PA, Amsterdam EA, Bittner V, Franklin BA et al. Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. 2007;116(5):572–584. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185214.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor JL, Bonikowske AR, Olson TP. Optimizing Outcomes in Cardiac Rehabilitation: The Importance of Exercise Intensity. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:734278. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.734278.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor JL, Bonikowske AR, Olson TP. Optimizing Outcomes in Cardiac Rehabilitation: The Importance of Exercise Intensity. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:734278. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.734278.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hansen D, Abreu A, Ambrosetti M, Cornelissen V, Gevaert A, Kemps H et al. Exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiovascular rehabilitation and beyond: why and how: a position statement from the Secondary Prevention and Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2022;29(1):230–245. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwab007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hansen D, Abreu A, Ambrosetti M, Cornelissen V, Gevaert A, Kemps H et al. Exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiovascular rehabilitation and beyond: why and how: a position statement from the Secondary Prevention and Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2022;29(1):230–245. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwab007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savage PA, Shaw AO, Miller MS, VanBuren P, LeWinter MM, Ades PA, Toth MJ. Effect of resistance training on physical disability in chronic heart failure. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(8):1379–1386. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31820eeea1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savage PA, Shaw AO, Miller MS, VanBuren P, LeWinter MM, Ades PA, Toth MJ. Effect of resistance training on physical disability in chronic heart failure. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(8):1379–1386. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31820eeea1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadek Z, Salami A, Joumaa WH, Awada C, Ahmaidi S, Ramadan W. Best mode of inspiratory muscle training in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2018;25(16):1691–1701. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487318792315.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadek Z, Salami A, Joumaa WH, Awada C, Ahmaidi S, Ramadan W. Best mode of inspiratory muscle training in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2018;25(16):1691–1701. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487318792315.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Machado AC, Vianna LC, Gomes EAC, Teixeira JAC, Ribeiro ML, Villacorta H et al. Carotid chemoreflex and muscle metaboreflex interact to the regulation of ventilation in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Physiol Rep. 2020;8(3):e14361. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14361.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Machado AC, Vianna LC, Gomes EAC, Teixeira JAC, Ribeiro ML, Villacorta H et al. Carotid chemoreflex and muscle metaboreflex interact to the regulation of ventilation in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Physiol Rep. 2020;8(3):e14361. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14361.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palau P, Domínguez E, López L, Ramón JM, Heredia R, González J et al. Inspiratory Muscle Training and Functional Electrical Stimulation for Treatment of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: The TRAINING-HF Trial. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2019;72(4):288–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2018.01.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palau P, Domínguez E, López L, Ramón JM, Heredia R, González J et al. Inspiratory Muscle Training and Functional Electrical Stimulation for Treatment of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: The TRAINING-HF Trial. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2019;72(4):288–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2018.01.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giallauria F, Piccioli L, Vitale G, Sarullo FM. Exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: A new challenge for Cardiac Rehabilitation Community. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2018;88(3):987. https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2018.987.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giallauria F, Piccioli L, Vitale G, Sarullo FM. Exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: A new challenge for Cardiac Rehabilitation Community. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2018;88(3):987. https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2018.987.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piepoli MF, Coats AJ. The ‘skeletal muscle hypothesis in heart failure’ revised. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(7):486–488. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs463.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piepoli MF, Coats AJ. The ‘skeletal muscle hypothesis in heart failure’ revised. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(7):486–488. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs463.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piepoli MF, Guazzi M, Boriani G, Cicoira M, Corrà U, Dalla Libera L et al. Exercise intolerance in chronic heart failure: mechanisms and therapies. Part II. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2010;17(6):643–648. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR.0b013e32833f3aa5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piepoli MF, Guazzi M, Boriani G, Cicoira M, Corrà U, Dalla Libera L et al. Exercise intolerance in chronic heart failure: mechanisms and therapies. Part II. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2010;17(6):643–648. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR.0b013e32833f3aa5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rehn TA, Munkvik M, Lunde PK, Sjaastad I, Sejersted OM. Intrinsic skeletal muscle alterations in chronic heart failure patients: a disease-specific myopathy or a result of deconditioning? Heart Fail Rev. 2012;17(3):421–436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-011-9289-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rehn TA, Munkvik M, Lunde PK, Sjaastad I, Sejersted OM. Intrinsic skeletal muscle alterations in chronic heart failure patients: a disease-specific myopathy or a result of deconditioning? Heart Fail Rev. 2012;17(3):421–436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-011-9289-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mancini DM, Henson D, La Manca J, Donchez L, Levine S. Benefit of selective respiratory muscle training on exercise capacity in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Circulation. 1995;91(2):320–329. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.91.2.320.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mancini DM, Henson D, La Manca J, Donchez L, Levine S. Benefit of selective respiratory muscle training on exercise capacity in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Circulation. 1995;91(2):320–329. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.91.2.320.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cahalin LP, Arena RA. Breathing exercises and inspiratory muscle training in heart failure. Heart Fail Clin. 2015;11(1):149–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hfc.2014.09.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cahalin LP, Arena RA. Breathing exercises and inspiratory muscle training in heart failure. Heart Fail Clin. 2015;11(1):149–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hfc.2014.09.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lan NSR, Lam K, Naylor LH, Green DJ, Minaee NS, Dias P, Maiorana AJ. The Impact of Distinct Exercise Training Modalities on Echocardiographic Measurements in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020;33(2):148–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2019.09.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lan NSR, Lam K, Naylor LH, Green DJ, Minaee NS, Dias P, Maiorana AJ. The Impact of Distinct Exercise Training Modalities on Echocardiographic Measurements in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020;33(2):148–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2019.09.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Munch GW, Rosenmeier JB, Petersen M, Rinnov AR, Iepsen UW, Pedersen BK, Mortensen SP. Comparative Effectiveness of Low-Volume Time-Efficient Resistance Training Versus Endurance Training in Patients With Heart Failure. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2018;38(3):175–181. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0000000000000304.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Munch GW, Rosenmeier JB, Petersen M, Rinnov AR, Iepsen UW, Pedersen BK, Mortensen SP. Comparative Effectiveness of Low-Volume Time-Efficient Resistance Training Versus Endurance Training in Patients With Heart Failure. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2018;38(3):175–181. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0000000000000304.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пуховская МН, Цуцаева МВ, Климкина ДА, Булычев РЮ, Бодров ИМ, Рожаева КН и др. Дыхательные техники для улучшения спортивных результатов. М.: РЭУ им. Г.В. Плеханова; 2022. 123 с. Режим доступа: https://www.rea.ru/ru/org/cathedries/Kafedra-fizicheskogo-vospitanija/PublishingImages/Pages/studymaterials/Учебное%20пособие%20Дыхательные%20техники.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пуховская МН, Цуцаева МВ, Климкина ДА, Булычев РЮ, Бодров ИМ, Рожаева КН и др. Дыхательные техники для улучшения спортивных результатов. М.: РЭУ им. Г.В. Плеханова; 2022. 123 с. Режим доступа: https://www.rea.ru/ru/org/cathedries/Kafedra-fizicheskogo-vospitanija/PublishingImages/Pages/studymaterials/Учебное%20пособие%20Дыхательные%20техники.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spruit MA, Eterman RM, Hellwig VA, Janssen PP, Wouters EF, Uszko-Lencer NH. Effects of moderate-to-high intensity resistance training in patients with chronic heart failure. Heart. 2009;95(17):1399–408. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2008.159582.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spruit MA, Eterman RM, Hellwig VA, Janssen PP, Wouters EF, Uszko-Lencer NH. Effects of moderate-to-high intensity resistance training in patients with chronic heart failure. Heart. 2009;95(17):1399–408. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2008.159582.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bektas S, Franssen FME, van Empel V, Uszko-Lencer N, Boyne J, Knackstedt C, Brunner-La Rocca HP. Impact of airflow limitation in chronic heart failure. Neth Heart J. 2017;25(5):335–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-017-0965-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bektas S, Franssen FME, van Empel V, Uszko-Lencer N, Boyne J, Knackstedt C, Brunner-La Rocca HP. Impact of airflow limitation in chronic heart failure. Neth Heart J. 2017;25(5):335–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-017-0965-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ambrosino N, Cigni P. Non invasive ventilation as an additional tool for exercise training. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2015;10(1):14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40248-015-0008-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ambrosino N, Cigni P. Non invasive ventilation as an additional tool for exercise training. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2015;10(1):14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40248-015-0008-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ito S. High-intensity interval training for health benefits and care of cardiac diseases – The key to an efficient exercise protocol. World J Cardiol. 2019;11(7):171–188. https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v11.i7.171.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ito S. High-intensity interval training for health benefits and care of cardiac diseases – The key to an efficient exercise protocol. World J Cardiol. 2019;11(7):171–188. https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v11.i7.171.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laohachai K, Winlaw D, Selvadurai H, Gnanappa GK, d’Udekem Y, Celermajer D, Ayer J. Inspiratory Muscle Training Is Associated With Improved Inspiratory Muscle Strength, Resting Cardiac Output, and the Ventilatory Efficiency of Exercise in Patients With a Fontan Circulation. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(8):e005750. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.005750.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laohachai K, Winlaw D, Selvadurai H, Gnanappa GK, d’Udekem Y, Celermajer D, Ayer J. Inspiratory Muscle Training Is Associated With Improved Inspiratory Muscle Strength, Resting Cardiac Output, and the Ventilatory Efficiency of Exercise in Patients With a Fontan Circulation. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(8):e005750. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.005750.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hägglund E, Hagerman I, Dencker K, Strömberg A. Effects of yoga versus hydrotherapy training on health-related quality of life and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure: A randomized controlled study. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2017;16(5):381–389. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474515117690297.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hägglund E, Hagerman I, Dencker K, Strömberg A. Effects of yoga versus hydrotherapy training on health-related quality of life and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure: A randomized controlled study. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2017;16(5):381–389. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474515117690297.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yeh GY, Wood MJ, Wayne PM, Quilty MT, Stevenson LW, Davis RB et al. Tai chi in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Congest Heart Fail. 2013;19(2):77–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/chf.12005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeh GY, Wood MJ, Wayne PM, Quilty MT, Stevenson LW, Davis RB et al. Tai chi in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Congest Heart Fail. 2013;19(2):77–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/chf.12005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khatib MN, Kirubakaran R, Gaidhane S, Shankar A, Quazi Syed Z. Yoga for improving functional capacity, quality of life and cardiovascular outcomes in people with heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(1):CD012015. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khatib MN, Kirubakaran R, Gaidhane S, Shankar A, Quazi Syed Z. Yoga for improving functional capacity, quality of life and cardiovascular outcomes in people with heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(1):CD012015. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang MH, Yeh ML. Respiratory training interventions improve health status of heart failure patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J Clin Cases. 2019;7(18):2760–2775. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v7.i18.2760.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang MH, Yeh ML. Respiratory training interventions improve health status of heart failure patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J Clin Cases. 2019;7(18):2760–2775. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v7.i18.2760.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беграмбекова ЮЛ, Каранадзе НА, Мареев ВЮ, Колесникова ЕА, Орлова ЯА. Комплексные тренировки дыхательной и скелетной мускулатуры у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью III–V функционального класса и низкой и промежуточной фракцией выброса левого желудочка. Дизайн и обоснование. Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины. 2020;35(2):123–130. https://doi.org/10.29001/2073-8552-2020-35-2-123-130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Begrambekova YuL, Karanadze NA, Mareev VYu, Kolesnikova EA, Orlova YaA. Integrative respiratory and skeletal musculature training in patients with functional class II–IV chronic heart failure and low or intermediate left ventricular ejection fraction: Design and rationale. The Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 2020;35(2):123–130. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.29001/2073-8552-2020-35-2-123-130.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laoutaris ID, Adamopoulos S, Manginas A, Panagiotakos DB, Kallistratos MS, Doulaptsis C et al. Benefits of combined aerobic/resistance/inspiratory training in patients with chronic heart failure. A complete exercise model? A prospective randomised study. Int J Cardiol. 2013;167(5):1967–1972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.05.019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laoutaris ID, Adamopoulos S, Manginas A, Panagiotakos DB, Kallistratos MS, Doulaptsis C et al. Benefits of combined aerobic/resistance/inspiratory training in patients with chronic heart failure. A complete exercise model? A prospective randomised study. Int J Cardiol. 2013;167(5):1967–1972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.05.019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adamopoulos S, Schmid JP, Dendale P, Poerschke D, Hansen D, Dritsas A et al. Combined aerobic/inspiratory muscle training vs. aerobic training in patients with chronic heart failure: The Vent-HeFT trial: a European prospective multicentre randomized trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2014;16(5):574–582. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adamopoulos S, Schmid JP, Dendale P, Poerschke D, Hansen D, Dritsas A et al. Combined aerobic/inspiratory muscle training vs. aerobic training in patients with chronic heart failure: The Vent-HeFT trial: a European prospective multicentre randomized trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2014;16(5):574–582. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Таранина ОН, Тестова СГ, Алехина АВ. Способы коррекции тревожнодепрессивных расстройств на фоне хронической сердечной недостаточности у пациентов старших возрастных групп. Инновационная наука. 2020;(9):79–80. Режим доступа: https://aeterna-ufa.ru/sbornik/IN-2020-09.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taranina ON, Testova SG, Alekhina AV. Methods for correcting anxiety and depressive disorders against the background of chronic heart failure in patients of older age groups. Innovative Science. 2020;(9):79–80. (In Russ.) Available at: https://aeterna-ufa.ru/sbornik/IN-2020-09.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu DS, Lee DT, Woo J, Hui E. Non-pharmacological interventions in older people with heart failure: effects of exercise training and relaxation therapy. Gerontology. 2007;53(2):74–81. https://doi.org/10.1159/000096427.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu DS, Lee DT, Woo J, Hui E. Non-pharmacological interventions in older people with heart failure: effects of exercise training and relaxation therapy. Gerontology. 2007;53(2):74–81. https://doi.org/10.1159/000096427.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gok Metin Z, Ejem D, Dionne-Odom JN, Turkman Y, Salvador C, Pamboukian S, Bakitas M. Mind-Body Interventions for Individuals With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials. J Card Fail. 2018;24(3):186–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.09.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gok Metin Z, Ejem D, Dionne-Odom JN, Turkman Y, Salvador C, Pamboukian S, Bakitas M. Mind-Body Interventions for Individuals With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials. J Card Fail. 2018;24(3):186–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.09.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang BH, Hendricks A, Zhao Y, Rothendler JA, LoCastro JS, Slawsky MT. A relaxation response randomized trial on patients with chronic heart failure. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2005;25(3):149–157. https://doi.org/10.1097/00008483-200505000-00005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang BH, Hendricks A, Zhao Y, Rothendler JA, LoCastro JS, Slawsky MT. A relaxation response randomized trial on patients with chronic heart failure. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2005;25(3):149–157. https://doi.org/10.1097/00008483-200505000-00005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu DS, Lee DT, Woo J. Improving health-related quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure: effects of relaxation therapy. J Adv Nurs. 2010;66(2):392–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05198.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu DS, Lee DT, Woo J. Improving health-related quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure: effects of relaxation therapy. J Adv Nurs. 2010;66(2):392–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05198.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu DS, Lee DT, Woo J. Effects of relaxation therapy on psychologic distress and symptom status in older Chinese patients with heart failure. J Psychosom Res. 2007;62(4):427–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.10.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu DS, Lee DT, Woo J. Effects of relaxation therapy on psychologic distress and symptom status in older Chinese patients with heart failure. J Psychosom Res. 2007;62(4):427–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.10.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rogers AE, Addington-Hall JM, Abery AJ, McCoy AS, Bulpitt C, Coats AJ, Gibbs JS. Knowledge and communication difficulties for patients with chronic heart failure: qualitative study. BMJ. 2000;321(7261):605–607. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7261.605.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rogers AE, Addington-Hall JM, Abery AJ, McCoy AS, Bulpitt C, Coats AJ, Gibbs JS. Knowledge and communication difficulties for patients with chronic heart failure: qualitative study. BMJ. 2000;321(7261):605–607. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7261.605.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horne G, Payne S. Removing the boundaries: palliative care for patients with heart failure. Palliat Med. 2004;18(4):291–296. https://doi.org/10.1191/0269216304pm893oa.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horne G, Payne S. Removing the boundaries: palliative care for patients with heart failure. Palliat Med. 2004;18(4):291–296. https://doi.org/10.1191/0269216304pm893oa.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harding R, Selman L, Beynon T, Hodson F, Coady E, Read C et al. Meeting the communication and information needs of chronic heart failure patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2008;36(2):149–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.09.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harding R, Selman L, Beynon T, Hodson F, Coady E, Read C et al. Meeting the communication and information needs of chronic heart failure patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2008;36(2):149–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.09.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boyd KJ, Murray SA, Kendall M, Worth A, Frederick Benton T, Clausen H. Living with advanced heart failure: a prospective, community based study of patients and their carers. Eur J Heart Fail. 2004;6(5):585–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.11.018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyd KJ, Murray SA, Kendall M, Worth A, Frederick Benton T, Clausen H. Living with advanced heart failure: a prospective, community based study of patients and their carers. Eur J Heart Fail. 2004;6(5):585–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.11.018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zickmund SL, Blasiole JA, Brase V, Arnold RM. Congestive heart failure patients report conflict with their physicians. J Card Fail. 2006;12(7):546–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2006.03.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zickmund SL, Blasiole JA, Brase V, Arnold RM. Congestive heart failure patients report conflict with their physicians. J Card Fail. 2006;12(7):546–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2006.03.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zapka JG, Hennessy W, Carter RE, Amella EJ. End-of-life communication and hospital nurses: an educational pilot. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2006;21(3):223–231. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005082-200605000-00011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zapka JG, Hennessy W, Carter RE, Amella EJ. End-of-life communication and hospital nurses: an educational pilot. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2006;21(3):223–231. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005082-200605000-00011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
