medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2024-289medsovet-8465Research ArticleКОГНИТИВНЫЕ РАССТРОЙСТВАCOGNITIVE DISRODERSВозможности и перспективы метода магнитно-резонансной морфометрии в диагностике деменцийPossibilities and prospects of the MR morphometry method in the diagnosis of dementiahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0074-4021ТерновыхИ. К.TernovykhI. К.

Терновых Иван Константинович, аспирант кафедры неврологии с клиникой, младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории неврологии и нейрореабилитации

197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2

Ivan К. Ternovykh, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Neurology with a clinic, Junior Researcher at the Research Laboratory of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation

2, Akkuratov St., St Petersburg, 197341

rik.2006@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4830-907XВоробьевС. В.VorobyevS. V.

Воробьев Сергей Владимирович, д.м.н., главный научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории неврологии и нейрореабилитации, профессор кафедры неврологии с клиникой; профессор кафедры клинической лабораторной диагностики

197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2

194100, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2

Sergey V. Vorobyev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Chief Researcher of the Research Laboratory of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Professor of the Department of Neurology with clinic; Professor of the Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics

2, Akkuratov St., St Petersburg, 197341

2, Litovskaya St., St Petersburg, 194100

sergiognezdo@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6484-286XЯнишевскийС. Н.YanishevskiyS. N.

Янишевский Станислав Николаевич, д.м.н., заведующий научно-исследовательской лаборатории неврологии и нейрореабилитации, профессор кафедры неврологии с клиникой

197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2

Stanislav N. Yanishevskiy, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Research Laboratory of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Professor of the Department of Neurology with сlinic

2, Akkuratov St., St Petersburg, 197341

stasya71@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-0029ТанташеваА. М.TantashevaA. M.

Танташева Анна Мухамеджановна, врач-невролог консультативно-диагностического центра Университетской клиники

197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2

Anna М. Tantasheva, Neurologist of the Consultative and Diagnostic Center of the University Clinic

2, Akkuratov St., St Petersburg, 197341

tantasheva_a@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7336-3860ШубинаК. М.ShubinaК. M.

Шубина Кристина Максимовна, аспирант кафедры неврологии с клиникой

197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2

Kristina M. Shubina, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Neurology with clinic

2, Akkuratov St., St Petersburg, 197341

krisschubina@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4456-0398АнтушеваМ. С.AntushevaM. S.

Антушева Мария Сергеевна, студент Института медицинского образования

197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2

Maria S. Antusheva, Student of the Institute of Medical Education

2, Akkuratov St., St Petersburg, 197341

mariantusheva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-1702-7397СатиеваМ. Г.SatievaM. G.

Сатиева Марина Гаруновна, врач-невролог

197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2

Marina G. Satieva, Neurologist

2, Akkuratov St., St Petersburg, 197341

dr.satieva_m@mail.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. АлмазоваРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research CentreRussian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова; Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университетРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research Centre; St Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversityRussian Federation20241408202401222–30Copyright © Терновых И.К., Воробьев С.В., Янишевский С.Н., Танташева А.М., Шубина К.М., Антушева М.С., Сатиева М.Г., 20242024Терновых И.К., Воробьев С.В., Янишевский С.Н., Танташева А.М., Шубина К.М., Антушева М.С., Сатиева М.Г.Ternovykh I.К., Vorobyev S.V., Yanishevskiy S.N., Tantasheva A.M., Shubina К.M., Antusheva M.S., Satieva M.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8465

Деменция в настоящее время рассматривается в качестве одной из важнейших причин снижения качества бытовой, социальной адаптации пациентов, нарушения их возможностей функционирования в окружающем мире. Она может формироваться при целом спектре заболеваний, основными из которых являются нейродегенеративные процессы, в частности болезнь Альцгеймера. В диагностике когнитивных расстройств, кроме клинического и нейропсихологического, а также лабораторного обследования, существенную роль играют современные методы компьютерной нейровизуализации. Существенное значение при этом придается исследованиям на основе магнитного резонанса, достигшим большого прогресса за последнее время. Изменения, регистрируемые с помощью структурной магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ), зачастую «отстают» от регистрируемой клинической симптоматики и определяются на развернутых этапах болезни. Для верификации ранних проявлений нейродегенеративных изменений, наблюдающихся в головном мозге, предложены новые методы МРТ. К ним, в частности, относится магнитно-резонансная (МР)морфометрия. Она позволяет определить абсолютные значения выраженности атрофических изменений, установить их точную топическую локализацию. Ее применение не только улучшает возможности постановки диагноза на додементных стадиях, но также повышает качество дифференциальной диагностики различных патогенетических вариантов наблюдающихся когнитивных нарушений. Кроме того, применение специальных программ постпроцессинговой обработки данных уменьшает вероятность ошибки при интерпретации полученных данных. В настоящее время предложены три варианта оценки результатов МР-морфометрии, основанных на анализе объема отдельных структур головного мозга, толщины серого вещества, а также пространственной формы тех или иных формирований. Комплексное использование этих вариантов способствует наиболее качественному МР-морфометрическому обследованию головного мозга при формировании нейродегенеративного процесса.

Dementia is one variant severe disorder’s higher cortical function and is currently considered as one most important cause a decrease in the quality household, social adaptation patients, and a violation their ability function in the world around them. It can be formed in a wide range disease, main which are neurodegenerative processes, in particular Alzheimer’s disease. In the diagnosis cognitive disorders, in addition to clinical and neuropsychological, as well as laboratory examination, modern methods computer neuroimaging plays an essential role. Same time, significant importance is attached research based on magnetic resonance, which has achieved great progress in recent years. Changes recorded by structural magnetic resonance imaging (MR tomography) often “lag behind” recorded clinical symptoms and are determined advanced disease. New MR methods have been proposed to verify early manifestations of neurodegenerative changes observed in the brain. These include, in particular, MR morphometry. It allows you to determine absolute values severity of atrophic changes, to establish their exact topical localization. Its use not only improves the possibilities of diagnosis pre-stage stages, but also improves quality of differential diagnosis various pathogenetic variants observed cognitive disorders. In addition, use special postprocessing data processing programs reduce the likelihood errors in interpretation received data. Currently, three options have been proposed for evaluating the results of MR morphometry, based on the analysis volume individual brain structures, thickness gray matter, as well as the spatial shape certain formations. Integrated use these options contributes highest quality MR morphometric examination of the brain during formation neurodegenerative process.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.