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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2024-297</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-8471</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕРВНО-ПСИХИЧЕСКИЕ РАССТРОЙСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тревожные расстройства в клинической практике  (обзор литературы с клинической иллюстрацией)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Anxiety Disorders in Clinical Practice (Clinical Observation and Literature Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2228-6316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петелин</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petelin</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петелин Дмитрий Сергеевич, к.м.н., ассистент кафедры психиатрии и психосоматики Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry S. Petelin, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics of the Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.V. Sklifosovsky</p><p>8, Bldg. 1, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petelinhome1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8863-8241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокина</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokina</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сорокина Ольга Юрьевна, к.м.н., заведующая психотерапевтическим отделением Университетской клинической больницы №3</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Yu. Sorokina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Psychotherapeutic Department of the University Clinical Hospital No. 3 of the Clinical Center</p><p>8, Bldg. 1, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">msolgasorokina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9543-4041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галяутдинова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galiautdinova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галяутдинова Айсылу Наиловна, ординатор кафедры психиатрии и психосоматики Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aysylu N. Galiautdinova, Resident at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>8, Bldg. 1, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aysylu.gamirova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8011-0307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгополова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgopolova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долгополова Юлия Валерьевна, ординатор кафедры психиатрии и психосоматики Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Dolgopolova, Resident at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>8, Bldg. 1, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">juliadolgopolova98@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1667-5355</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волель</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volel</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волель Беатриса Альбертовна, д.м.н., директор Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского; ведущий научный сотрудник Отдела по изучению пограничной психической патологии и психосоматических расстройств</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 1</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Beatrice A. Volel, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.V. Sklifosovsky; Leading Researcher of the Department for the Study of Borderline Mental Pathology and Psychosomatic Disorders</p><p>8, Bldg. 1, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p><p>34a, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">beatrice.volel@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); Научный центр психического здоровья<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Mental Health Research Center<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>12</issue><elocation-id>52–60</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петелин Д.С., Сорокина О.Ю., Галяутдинова А.Н., Долгополова Ю.В., Волель Б.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петелин Д.С., Сорокина О.Ю., Галяутдинова А.Н., Долгополова Ю.В., Волель Б.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petelin D.S., Sorokina O.Y., Galiautdinova A.N., Dolgopolova Y.V., Volel B.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8471">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8471</self-uri><abstract><p>Тревожные расстройства являются самой распространенной группой психических расстройств. Высокая распространенность тревожных расстройств и их негативное влияние на функционирование и качество жизни пациентов определяют необходимость их своевременной диагностики и терапии. В обзоре представлены данные о клинических проявлениях тревоги, а также об основных формах тревожных расстройств согласно современным классификациям психических расстройств. Проведен анализ соотношения между соматизированными и когнитивными проявлениями тревоги, обоснованы сложности диагностики и терапии у пациентов с доминированием соматизированной симптоматики. Описаны когнитивные особенности, свойственные пациентам с тревожными расстройствами. Даны подходы по диагностике и дифференциальному диагнозу тревожных расстройств, представлены данные об основных психометрических шкалах. Обоснована значимость клинического подхода при диагностике тревожных расстройств и описана роль параклинических методов установления диагноза. Согласно современным консенсусным документам и клиническим рекомендациям первыми линиями терапии тревожных расстройств являются когнитивно-поведенческая терапия и применение препаратов из класса селективных ингибиторов обратного захвата серотонина; описаны основы действия обоих методов. С учетом современных исследований показано, что оба подхода имеют ограничения, что предопределяет необходимость использования лекарственных препаратов с альтернативным механизмом действия. Одним из таких препаратов является современный мультимодальный анксиолитик Авиандр, который успел продемонстрировать высокую эффективность и безопасность при терапии пациентов с наиболее тяжелой формой тревожных расстройств – генерализованным тревожным расстройством. Основные положения обзора проиллюстрированы клиническим примером успешного применения Авиандра у пациента с генерализованным тревожным расстройством.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Anxiety disorders are the most common group of mental disorders. The high prevalence of anxiety disorders and their negative impact on the functioning and quality of life of patients determines the need for timely diagnosis and therapy. The review presents data on the clinical manifestations of anxiety, as well as on the main forms of anxiety disorders according to current classifications of mental disorders. An analysis is conducted on the relationship between somatic and cognitive manifestations of anxiety, explaining the difficulties in diagnosing and treating patients with a predominance of somatic symptoms. Cognitive features specific to patients with anxiety disorders are described. Approaches to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of anxiety disorders are provided, along with information on main psychometric scales. The importance of a clinical approach in diagnosing anxiety disorders is justified, and the role of para-clinical methods in establishing a diagnosis is described. According to recent consensus documents and clinical guidelines, the first-line therapies for anxiety disorders are cognitive-behavioral therapy and the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; the basics of both methods are described. Considering current research, both approaches have drawbacks, which necessitates the use of medication with an alternative mechanism of action. One such medication is the modern multimodal anxiolytic Aviandr, which has demonstrated high effectiveness and safety in treating patients with the most severe form of anxiety disorders – generalized anxiety disorder. The main points of the review are illustrated with a clinical example of the successful use of Aviandr in a patient with generalized anxiety disorder.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тревога</kwd><kwd>тревожные расстройства</kwd><kwd>генерализованное тревожное расстройство</kwd><kwd>когнитивно-поведенческая терапия</kwd><kwd>селективные ингибиторы обратного захвата серотонина</kwd><kwd>2</kwd><kwd>8-диметил-5-(2-фенилэтил)-2</kwd><kwd>3</kwd><kwd>4</kwd><kwd>5-тетрагидро-1H-пиридо[4</kwd><kwd>3-b]индол</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anxiety</kwd><kwd>anxiety disorders</kwd><kwd>generalized anxiety disorder</kwd><kwd>cognitive-behavioural therapy</kwd><kwd>selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors</kwd><kwd>2</kwd><kwd>8-dimethyl-5-(2-phenylethyl)-2</kwd><kwd>3</kwd><kwd>4</kwd><kwd>5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[4</kwd><kwd>3-b]indole</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Craske MG, Stein MB, Eley TC, Milad MR, Holmes A, Rapee RM, Wittchen HU. 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