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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2024-249</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-8503</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПУЛЬМОНОЛОГИЯ, ОТОЛАРИНГОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PULMONOLOGY, OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Омализумаб - первый препарат генно-инженерной биологической терапии: новые ожидания и актуальность применения при бронхиальной астме</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Omalizumab as the first drug of genetically engineered biological therapy: New expectations and relevance of use in bronchial asthma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1562-6386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Княжеская</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kniajeskaia</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Княжеская Надежда Павловна - к.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры пульмонологии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda P. Kniajeskaia - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Additional Professional Education, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.</p><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kniajeskaia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-6579</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафошкина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safoshkina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сафошкина Елена Викторовна - врач-пульмонолог, соискатель кафедры пульмонологии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Safoshkina - Pulmonologist, Applicant for the Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Additional Professional Education, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.</p><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">safelena@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5895-2982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камелева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kameleva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Камелева Анастасия Андреевна - к.м.н., врач аллерголог-иммунолог.</p><p>105077, Москва, ул. 11-я Парковая, д. 32</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Kameleva - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Allergist-Immunologist, City Clinical Hospital named after D.D. Pletnev.</p><p>32, 11th Parkovaya St., Moscow, 105077</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yurenkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-724X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белевский</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belevsky</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белевский Андрей Станиславович, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии факультета дополнительного профессиональ-ного образования.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey S. Belevsky - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Additional Professional Education, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.</p><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pulmobas@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3672-9242</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анаев</surname><given-names>Э. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anaev</surname><given-names>E. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анаев Эльдар Хусеевич - д.м.н., профессор кафедры пульмонологии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eldar Kh. Anaev - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Additional Professional Education, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.</p><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">el_anaev@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница имени Д.Д. Плетнева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital named after D.D. Pletnev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>13</issue><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Княжеская Н.П., Сафошкина Е.В., Камелева А.А., Белевский А.С., Анаев Э.Х., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Княжеская Н.П., Сафошкина Е.В., Камелева А.А., Белевский А.С., Анаев Э.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kniajeskaia N.P., Safoshkina E.V., Kameleva A.A., Belevsky A.S., Anaev E.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8503">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8503</self-uri><abstract><p>Признание того факта, что астма является сложным, многофакторным расстройством, привело к более серьезному фокусу на пациенте и на тех нарушениях его состояния, которые способствуют более или менее общей клинической выраженности заболевания. В патогенезе бронхиальной астмы определяются Т2- и не-Т2-эндотипы. Эндотип - это субтип болезни, определяемый уникальным или отличительным функциональным или патофизиологическим механизмом. Один эндотип бронхиальной астмы может лежать в основе нескольких фенотипов, так как является молекулярной основой фенотипов. Наиболее распространенным и очевидным фенотипом бронхиальной астмы является аллергический, или атопический. Открытие IgE стало новой эрой в понимании механизмов формирования аллергических заболеваний, в том числе бронхиальной астмы. Логично, что первым таргетным (целевым) препаратом для пациентов с тяжелой аллергической бронхиальной астмой стал омализумаб (анти-IgE-терапия). Клинические исследования убедительно продемонстрировали, что у пациентов с астмой, требующей терапии высокими дозами ингаляционных и (или) системных глюкокортикоидов, анти-IgE-терапия снижает частоту обострений, уменьшает степень тяжести астмы, а также позволяет отменять или значительно снижать дозы системных препаратов. Омализумаб уменьшает эозинофильную инфильтрацию подслизистого слоя бронхов, эозинофилию в мокроте, что коррелирует со снижением фракции выдыхаемого оксида азота. Его применение модифицирует тяжелое течение аллергической астмы у детей и взрослых, снижает толщину стенки бронхов, увеличивает их просвет, что клинически проявляется увеличением объема форсированного выдоха за 1-ю секунду. Также доказан противовоспалительный эффект омализумаба.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Recognition of the fact that asthma is a complex, multifactorial disorder has led to a more serious focus on the patient and on those disorders of his condition that contribute to the more or less general clinical severity of the disease. Recognition of the fact that asthma is a complex, multifactorial disorder has led to a more serious focus on the patient and on those disorders of his condition that contribute to the more or less general clinical severity of the disease. So, in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, T2 and non-T2 endotypes of asthma are determined. By definition, a disease endotype is a subtype of a disease determined by a unique or distinctive functional or pathophysiological mechanism. One endotype of astma may underlie several phenotypes, since the endotype is the molecular basis of phenotypes. The most common and obvious phenotype of bronchial asthma is allergic or atopic. The discovery of IgE also opened a new era in the understanding of the mechanisms of the formation of allergic diseases, including asthma. It is logical that the first targeted (targeted) drug for patients with severe allergic bronchial asthma was omalizumab (anti-IgE therapy). Clinical studies have demonstrated conclusively that in patients with asthma requiring high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and/or systemic glucocorticosteroids, anti-IgE therapy reduces exacerbation rates, reduces asthma severity, and allows withdrawal or significant lower doses of systemic drugs. Omalizumab reduces eosinophilic infiltration of the submucosal layer of the bronchi, eosinophilia in sputum, which correlates with a decrease in the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide. Omalizumab modifies the severe course of allergic asthma in children and adults, reduces the thickness of the bronchial wall, increases the lumen of the bronchi (special CT studies), which is clinically manifested by an increase in FEV1. The anti-inflammatory effect of omalizumab has also been proven.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>эндотип</kwd><kwd>фенотип</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>анти-IgE-терапия</kwd><kwd>омализумаб</kwd><kwd>эозинофилия мокроты</kwd><kwd>модификация болезни</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>endotypes</kwd><kwd>phenotypes</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd><kwd>anti-IgE therapy</kwd><kwd>omalizumab</kwd><kwd>sputum eosinophilia</kwd><kwd>disease modification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hippocrates. The sacred disease. 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