medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2024-176medsovet-8520Research ArticleПЕДИАТРИЯPEDIATRICSЧесотка у детей: современные особенности эпидемиологии, клиники и диагностикиScabies in children: modern features of epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnosishttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9578-5490ПотекаевН. Н.PotekaevN. N.

Потекаев Николай Николаевич - д.м.н., профессор, директор, МНПЦДК; профессор, заведующий кафедрой кожных болезней и косметологии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования, РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова.

119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 17; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Nikolay N. Potekaev - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Director, Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology; Professor, Head of Department of Skin Diseases and Cosmetology, Faculty of Additional Professional Education, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.

17, Leninskiy Ave., Moscow, 119071; 1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117997

klinderma@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-8821КасихинаЕ. И.KasikhinaE. I.

Касихина Елена Игоревна - к.м.н., доцент кафедры дерматовенерологии, аллергологии и косметологии медицинского института, РУДН им. Патриса Лумумбы; врач-дерматовенеролог, МНПЦДК.

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6; 119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 17

Elena I. Kasikhina - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Dermatovenereology, Allergology and Cosmetology, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba; Dermatologist, Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology.

6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198; 17, Leninskiy Ave., Moscow, 119071

kasprof@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-7305-6235БишароваА. С.BisharovaA. S.

Бишарова Анастасия Сергеевна - руководитель учебного отдела.

119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 17

Anastasia S. Bisharova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Educational Department, Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology.

17, Leninskiy Ave., Moscow, 119071

abisharova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3386-1467ОстрецоваМ. Н.OstretsovaM. N.

Острецова Мария Николаевна - к.м.н., доцент кафедры дерматовенерологии, аллергологии и косметологии медицинского института.

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6

Maria N. Ostretsova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Dermatovenereology, Allergology and Cosmetology, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba.

6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198

ostretsova-mn@rudn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-8853-3341ТолстогузоваЭ. В.TolstoguzovaE. V.

Толстогузова Эльвира Владимировна - врач-статистик.

119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 17

Elvira V. Tolstoguzova - Statistician Doctor, Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology.

17, Leninskiy Ave., Moscow, 119071

elvira.tolstoguzova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-6573ЖуковаО. В.ZhukovaO. V.

Жукова Ольга Валентиновна - д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой дерматовенерологии, аллергологии и косметологии медицинского института, РУДН им. Патриса Лумумбы; главный врач, МНПЦДК.

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6; 119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 17

Olga V. Zhukova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Dermatovenereology Allergology and Cosmetology, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba; Chief Medical Officer, Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology.

6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198; 17, Leninskiy Ave., Moscow, 119071

klinderma@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-0476-3064ФасаховаР. Р.FasakhovaR. R.

Фасахова Румия Рустямовна - врач-ординатор.

119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 17

Rumiia R. Fasakhova - Resident Doctor, Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology.

17, Leninskiy Ave., Moscow, 119071

fasakhva.rimma@rambler.ruМосковский научно-практический центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. ПироговаРоссияMoscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian FederationМосковский научно-практический центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии; Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса ЛумумбыРоссияMoscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice LumumbaRussian FederationМосковский научно-практический центр дерматовенерологии и косметологииРоссияMoscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and CosmetologyRussian FederationРоссийский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса ЛумумбыРоссияPeoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice LumumbaRussian Federation202403092024013216224Copyright © Потекаев Н.Н., Касихина Е.И., Бишарова А.С., Острецова М.Н., Толстогузова Э.В., Жукова О.В., Фасахова Р.Р., 20242024Потекаев Н.Н., Касихина Е.И., Бишарова А.С., Острецова М.Н., Толстогузова Э.В., Жукова О.В., Фасахова Р.Р.Potekaev N.N., Kasikhina E.I., Bisharova A.S., Ostretsova M.N., Tolstoguzova E.V., Zhukova O.V., Fasakhova R.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8520

Статья посвящена одной из самых частых паразитарных инфекций у детей - чесотке. Разнообразие клинических проявлений, тенденция к быстрому развитию вторичного инфицирования высыпаний и других серьезных осложнений усложняет клиническую диагностику заболевания. В этом обзоре мы обобщили данные анализа доступных источников, посвященных изучению современных клинико-эпидемиологических особенностей и методов диагностики чесотки у детей. Проведен анализ эпидемиологических тенденций и факторов риска, приводящих к росту заболеваемости чесоткой среди детского населения в мире. Особенностью последних лет является рост числа случаев заболевания в возрастной группе до двух лет. В статье приведены результаты научных исследований, посвященных изучению патогенеза и морфологии заболевания, объясняющих развитие клинических форм и осложнений чесотки. Проанализированы современные методы диагностики заболевания, а также их интеграция в Критерии диагностики чесотки Международного альянса по борьбе с чесоткой (IACS). Дерматоскопия имеет очевидные преимущества по сравнению с традиционной микроскопией. Метод является неинвазивным и хорошо переносится пациентами, особенно детьми, и позволяет получить данные в течение нескольких минут, что занимает значительно меньше времени, чем микроскопическое исследование ex vivo. В статье приведены данные исследований отечественных ученых, посвященные неинвазивной диагностике чесотки. Несмотря на разработку и внедрение новых методов диагностики, чесотка часто остается нераспознанной, что сказывается на результатах терапии. Постоянно растущее число пациентов, страдающих чесоткой, требует оперативного и междисциплинарного взаимодействия медицинских работников, особенно в регионах, где зафиксированы постоянная миграция населения и низкий социальный уровень жизни. Параллельно с усилиями по стандартизации и совершенствованию диагностики с использованием существующих методов актуальной остается необходимость разработки дополнительных диагностических тестов чесотки. Критерии IACS 2020 г. можно использовать в качестве эталонного стандарта для исследований новых диагностических средств.

The article is devoted to one of the most common parasitic infections in children - scabies. Diversity of the clinical presentations, tendency to the quick progression of secondary infection of rashes and other serious complications make the clinical diagnosis more difficult to establish. This review summarizes the data from the analysis of available sources devoted to the study of modern clinical and epidemiological features and methods for diagnosing scabies in children. An analysis of epidemiological trends and risk factors leading to a global increase in scabies incidence among children was carried out. The recent years featured a growth of cases of a disease in children under two years of age. The article presents the results of scientific researches devoted to the study of the pathogenesis and morphology of the disease, which explain the development of clinical forms and complications of scabies. The current methods for diagnosing the disease, as well as their integration into the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS) Criteria are analysed. Dermatoscopy has obvious advantages over traditional microscopy. The method is non-invasive and well tolerated by patients, especially children, and makes it possible to acquire data within a few minutes, which takes much less time than ex vivo microscopic examination. The article presents data from domestic scientists' researches on the non-invasive diagnosis of scabies. Despite the development and implementation of new diagnostic methods, scabies often remains unrecognized, which affects the outcomes of therapy. The increasing numbers of patients suffering from scabies require prompt and interdisciplinary interaction of health professionals, especially in the regions where constant migration of the population and low social standards of living are observed. In parallel with efforts to standardize and improve diagnosis using the current methods, the issue of developing additional scabies diagnostic tests remains pressing. The 2020 IACS criteria can be used as a reference standard for research into new diagnostic tools.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.