medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2024-317medsovet-8529Research ArticleЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ КОЖИDERMAL DISEASESИммунологические маркеры витилигоImmunologic markers for vitiligohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3808-8584ПетунинаВ. В.PetuninaV. V.

Петунина Валентина Вадимовна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры кожных болезней и косметологии

117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Valentina V. Petunina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor the Department of Skin Diseases & Cosmetology

1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117997

v.v.petounina@mail.ruРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. ПироговаРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian Federation2024140920240142428Copyright © Петунина В.В., 20242024Петунина В.В.Petunina V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8529

Вопросы этиологии и патогенеза витилиго по сей день остаются открытыми. Из большинства гипотез развития витилиго ведущая роль на сегодняшний день принадлежит аутоиммунной теории, в этом свете наиболее актуальными для решения вопросов как терапии, так и диагностики заболевания являются исследования, посвященные иммунологическим механизмам, сопровождающим развитие витилиго. В статье описаны как иммунологические маркеры аутоиммунных заболеваний спутников, так и изменения в иммунитете при самом заболевании. Пациенты с витилиго по сравнению с населением в целом подвержены повышенному риску развития болезни Грейвса, тиреоидита Хашимото и рака щитовидной железы. Британское общество дерматологов включило в общие клинические рекомендации определение антитиреоидных антител и исследование функции щитовидной железы у пациентов с витилиго, включая детей, для выявления лиц с высоким риском развития аутоиммунной патологии щитовидной железы. Также стоит не забывать и о других эндокринных органах, подверженных аутоиммунной атаке: поджелудочной железе, надпочечниках, яичниках. Большие затруднения порой вызывает вопрос активности процесса для врача, т.к. сам пациент порой не может точно сказать, имеется ли рост очагов, особенно при распространенном процессе. В статье мы коснулись вопросов рассмотрения и иммунологических маркеров, которые, по данным пилотных исследований, могут служить лабораторными показателями активности. Описаны роли интерлейкина-17, дисбаланса между субпопуляциями лимфоцитов Т-хелперов 1-го типа (Th1) или Th17 и Tregs и Th2, цитокинового дисбаланса, киназ JAK1 и JAK2, CXCL9, CXCL10, гранзима В.

Questions of the etiology and pathogenesis of vitiligo remain open to this day. Of the majority of hypotheses for the development of vitiligo, the leading role today belongs to the autoimmune theory. The most relevant for solving issues of both therapy and diagnosis of the disease are studies devoted to the immunological mechanisms accompanying the development of vitiligo. The article describes both immunological markers of autoimmune diseases of satellites and changes in immunity during the disease itself. The question of the activity of the process sometimes causes great difficulties, both for the doctor, and the patient himself sometimes cannot say for sure whether there is a growth of foci, especially with a widespread process. In the article we touched upon the issues of consideration and immunological markers, which, according to pilot studies, can serve as laboratory indicators of activity. The roles of interleukin 17, imbalance between subpopulations of T-helper lymphocytes type 1 (Th 1) or Th 17 and Tregs and Th 2, cytokine imbalance, JAK1 and JAK2 kinases, CXCL 9, CXCL 10, granzyme B are described.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.