medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2024-400medsovet-8587Research ArticleЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ КИШЕЧНИКАBOWEL DISEASESВажные практические аспекты ведения пациентов с синдромом короткой кишки с кишечной недостаточностьюImportant practical aspects in the management of patients with shot bowel syndrome and intestinal failurehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8519-7145ЛейдерманИ. Н.LeydermanI. N.

Лейдерман Илья Наумович, д.м.н., профессор кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии с клиникой

197341, Санкт-Петербурга, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2

Ilya N. Leyderman, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology with the Clinic

2, Akkuratov St., St Petersburg, 197341

inl230970@gmail.comНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. АлмазоваРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research CenterRussian Federation202417102024015190–198Copyright © Лейдерман И.Н., 20242024Лейдерман И.Н.Leyderman I.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8587

Синдром короткой кишки – расстройство функции желудочно-кишечного тракта – возникает в результате массивной резекции тонкой кишки. Причинами резекции наиболее часто становятся такие заболевания, как острая мезентериальная ишемия, болезнь Крона, травма брюшной полости, спаечная кишечная непроходимость, злокачественные новообразования кишечника, лучевой энтерит. Синдром короткой кишки с кишечной недостаточностью характеризуется тяжелой мальабсорбцией – мальдигестией, сопровождающейся болями в животе, диареей, дегидратацией и прогрессированием белково-энергетической недостаточности. У многих пациентов с синдромом короткой кишки со временем развиваются долгосрочные клинические осложнения, связанные с измененной анатомией и физиологией кишечника или различными лечебными мероприятиями, такими как парентеральное питание и центральный венозный катетер. Данный обзор посвящен наиболее важным аспектам диагностики, лечения и профилактики ряда осложнений, которые могут возникнуть у данного контингента пациентов, включая нарушение баланса макро- и микронутриентов, диарею, дисбаланс жидкости и электролитов, метаболические заболевания костей, нарушения желчеотделения, избыточный рост бактерий в тонком кишечнике, а также осложнений, связанных с венозным доступом. Основными лечебными стратегиями при синдроме короткой кишки с кишечной недостаточностью являются: диетотерапия, энтеральная нутритивная поддержка полуэлементными смесями, парентеральное питание, пероральная регидратация, назначения антисекреторных и антидиаррейных препаратов, ферментов. Введение аналога глюкагоноподобного пептида-2 тедуглутида клинически целесообразно для снижения зависимости от парентерального питания и улучшения качества жизни. Ведение пациентов с синдромом короткой кишки с кишечной недостаточностью является сложным, длительным процессом и требует тщательного динамического клинико-лабораторного мониторинга.

Short bowel syndrome is a gastrointestinal disorder resulting from massive resection of the small intestine. The most common causes of resection are acute mesenteric ischemia, Crohn’s disease, abdominal trauma, adhesive intestinal obstruction, intestinal malignancies, and radiation enteritis. Short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure is characterized by severe malabsorption-m aldigestion accompanied by abdominal pain, diarrhea, dehydration, and progression of protein-energy malnutrition. Many patients with SBS develop long-term clinical complications over time due to altered bowel anatomy and physiology or various therapeutic interventions such as parenteral nutrition and central venous catheterization. This review focuses on the most important aspects of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of several complications that can occur in this patient population, including macronutrient and micronutrient imbalances, diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, metabolic bone disease, biliary disorders, bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine, and complications related to venous access. The main therapeutic strategies for SBS with intestinal failure are: special diet, enteral nutritional support with semi-elemental mixtures, parenteral nutrition, oral rehydration, antimicrobal and antidiarrheal drugs, enzymes. Administration of glucagon-like peptide 2 analog, teduglutide, is clinically effective in reducing dependence on parenteral nutrition and improving quality of life. Management of patients with SBS with intestinal failure is a complex long-term process which requires dynamic clinical and laboratory monitoring.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.