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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2024-381</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-8619</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМОРБИДНЫЙ ПАЦИЕНТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMORBID PATIENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Формирование структурно-функциональных изменений в миокарде у лиц с разными метаболическими фенотипами: обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Formation of structural and functional changes in the myocardium in individuals with different metabolic phenotypes: A literature review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3749-0173</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Постоева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Postoeva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Постоева Анна Викторовна, к.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры госпитальной терапии и эндокринологии</p><p>163069, Россия, Архангельск, Троицкий проспект, д. 51</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Postoeva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Hospital Therapy and Endocrinology</p><p>51, Troitsky Ave., Arkhangelsk, 163069</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ann-primak@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4562-8398</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миролюбова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirolyubova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миролюбова Ольга Алексеевна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой факультетской терапии</p><p>163069, Россия, Архангельск, Троицкий проспект, д. 51</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Mirolyubova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Faculty Therapy</p><p>51, Troitsky Ave., Arkhangelsk, 163069</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.mirolyubova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9230-0710</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дворяшина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dvoryashina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дворяшина Ирина Владимировна, д.м.н., профессор, профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии и эндокринологии</p><p>163069, Россия, Архангельск, Троицкий проспект, д. 51</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Dvoryashina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Hospital Therapy and Endocrinology</p><p>51, Troitsky Ave., Arkhangelsk, 163069</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dvoryashinva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северный государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Northern State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>16</issue><fpage>120</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Постоева А.В., Миролюбова О.А., Дворяшина И.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Постоева А.В., Миролюбова О.А., Дворяшина И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Postoeva A.V., Mirolyubova O.A., Dvoryashina I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8619">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8619</self-uri><abstract><p>Смертность от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний по-прежнему занимает лидирующие позиции среди причин смертности от заболеваний во многих развитых странах, в том числе в Российской Федерации. Влияние на миокард избытка жировой ткани широко обсуждается в научной литературе. Концепция метаболических фенотипов была предложена в качестве нового подхода к изучению вклада ожирения и сопутствующих метаболических нарушений в риск сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и смертности от них. В данном обзоре обсуждается накопленный опыт российских и международных исследований, посвященных описанию структурно-функционального состояния миокарда с помощью различных инструментальных методов диагностики. Отдельное внимание уделено описанию эхокардиографии как наиболее доступному визуализирующему методу, приведены актуальные на данный момент критерии диагностики нарушений в соответствии с российскими и международными рекомендациями. Обсуждаются особенности и способы диагностики диастолической дисфункции и ремоделирования миокарда в рамках сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса у лиц с разными метаболическими фенотипами. Большинство авторов указали на отсутствие явного снижения систолической функции, в связи с чем диагностика диастолической дисфункции приобретает особую актуальность. Приведены результаты работ, оценивающих состояние миокарда у лиц с разными метаболическими фенотипами в динамике с учетом вклада метаболических нарушений. Освещены вопросы, касающиеся исторической трансформации понятия «парадокс ожирения», а также использования терминов «кардиопатия ожирения» и «жировая эктопия миокарда». Результаты экспериментальных и морфологических работ представляют факты разного вклада жировой ткани и метаболических нарушений в формирование изменений в миокарде.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cardiovascular mortality still takes leading places among causes of mortality from different disease in developed countries including Russian Federation. Influence of adipose tissue excess on myocardium is widely discussed in scientific literature. The concept of metabolic phenotypes was suggested as a new way for study of impact of obesity and concomitant metabolic disorders in to the risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality from them. In this review we discussed the accumulated experience of the Russian and international trials about structural and functional characteristics of myocardium described with various instrumental methods of diagnosis. Special attention is focused on the description of echocardiography as the most available visualizing method, actual diagnostic criteria of disturbances are provided according to Russian and international guidelines. Features and methods of diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction and cardiac remodeling in terms of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in people with various metabolic phenotypes are discussed. The majority of authors declare the absence of evident decrease of systolic function, as a result the estimation of diastolic dysfunction is very actual. Issues connected to historical transformation of the term obesity paradox and obese cardiopathy, myocardial fat ectopy are covered. The results of experimental and morphological studies present the facts about different impact of adipose tissue and metabolic disorders to development changes in myocardium.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>метаболический фенотип</kwd><kwd>сердечная недостаточность с сохраненной фракцией выброса</kwd><kwd>диастолическая дисфункция</kwd><kwd>метаболически здоровое ожирение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>metabolic phenotype</kwd><kwd>heart failure with preserved ejection fraction</kwd><kwd>diastolic dysfunction</kwd><kwd>metabolically healthy obesity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bots SH, Peters SAE, Woodward M. 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