<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2024-444</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-8698</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕОНАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEONATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гиповитаминоз D: клинические дискуссии и новые рекомендации Международного эндокринологического сообщества (предложения Endocrine Society)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hypovitaminosis D: Clinical discussions and new International Endocrine Society guidelines (Endocrine Society recommendations)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2500-8001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таранушенко</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taranushenko</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Таранушенко Татьяна Евгеньевна - д.м.н. , профессор, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии Института последипломного образования.</p><p>660022, Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana E. Taranushenko - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Postgraduate Education.</p><p>1, Partizan Zheleznyak St. , Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tetar@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Ирина Николаевна - д.м.н. , профессор, заслуженный врач РФ, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии имени Г.Н. Сперанского.</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Zakharova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky.</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St. , Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kafedra25@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>19</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Таранушенко Т.Е., Захарова И.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Таранушенко Т.Е., Захарова И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Taranushenko T.E., Zakharova I.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8698">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8698</self-uri><abstract><p>В публикации представлена современная информация по витамину D. Наряду с известными рекомендациями по применению витамина D в педиатрической практике, рассмотрены клинические аспекты нового руководства «Витамин D для профилактики заболеваний: руководство по клинической практике Эндокринного общества» 2024 г. Документ создан на основе анализа приоритетных рандомизированных плацебо-контролируемых исследований в общей популяции с учетом систематических обзоров электронных баз данных пациентов и их представителей (при отсутствии показаний к лечению витамином D и без тестирования на 25[OH]D). В работе оценивался эффект «эмпирической добавки», т. е. прием витамина D в дозе, превышающей рекомендуемую норму потребления. В настоящей статье рассматриваются два раздела указанного руководства (акушерский и педиатрический), с результатами аналитического обзора, которые представляют научный интерес, заслуживают внимания практикующих врачей, подтверждают важность профилактики в детском возрасте, а также указывают на необходимость дополнительных исследований по оценке статуса витамина D с долгосрочным наблюдением и персонифицированным подходом в группах детей и подростков, требующих особого внимания. Наряду с данными нового руководства обращено внимание на актуальность российской Национальной программы «Недостаточность витамина D у детей и подростков Российской Федерации: современные подходы к коррекции», в которой на основании многоцентрового исследования обозначены современные лечебно-профилактические стратегии по управлению недостаточностью витамина D в нашей стране. Важно, что на фоне продолжающихся дискуссий в разных странах мира российские педиатры имеют научно обоснованный, конкретный и структурированный документ с обзором основных стратегических вопросов и тактических решений по лечению и профилактике гиповитаминоза D.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents current information on vitamin D. It considers not only well-known recommendations for the administration of vitamin D in paediatric practice, but also the clinical aspects of the new guidelines – Vitamin D for disease prevention: a clinical practice guideline of the Endocrine Society 2024. The document was created using the results of the review of prioritized randomized placebo-controlled trials in general populations, taking into account systematic reviews of electronic databases of patients and their representatives (without an established indication for vitamin D treatment or 25[OH]D testing). The work assessed the effect of “empirical supplementation” defined as vitamin D intake at a dose that exceeds the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). This article considers two sections of above guidelines (obstetric and paediatric), alongside with the results of the analytical review, which present some scientific interest, deserve the attention of practicing physicians, confirm the importance of prevention in childhood, as well as indicate the need for further studies on the assessment of vitamin D status using long-term follow-ups and a personalized approach to the groups of children and adolescents that exact very careful attention. Apart from the new guidelines, attention is drawn to the urgency of the Russian National Program for Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and Adolescents of the Russian Federation: Modern Approaches to the Management, which outlines current treatment and preventive strategies for managing vitamin D deficiency in our country using the results of the multicenter study. It is important that Russian paediatricians have an evidence-based, specific and structured document with a brief look at the main strategic issues and operational decisions on the treatment and prevention of vitamin D hypovitaminosis in contrast to ongoing discussions in different countries of the world.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>витамин D</kwd><kwd>профилактика гиповитаминоза D</kwd><kwd>распространенность</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>подростки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vitamin D</kwd><kwd>prevention of hypovitaminosis D</kwd><kwd>prevalence</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>adolescents</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова ИН, Мальцев СВ, Боровик ТЭ, Яцык ГВ, Малявская СИ, Вахлова ИВ и др. Недостаточность витамина D у детей раннего возраста в России: результаты многоцентрового когортного исследования РОДНИЧОК (2013–2014 гг.). Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2014;13(6):30–34. https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v13i6.1198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharova IN, Mal’tsev SV, Borovik ТE, Yatsyk GV, Malyavskaya SI, Vakhlova IV et al. Vitamin D Insufficiency in Children of Tender Years in Russia: the Results of a Multi-Centre Cohort Study RODNICHOK (2013–2014). Current Pediatrics.2014;13(6):30–34. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v13i6.1198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова ИН, Климов ЛЯ, Мальцев СВ, Малявская СИ, Громова ОА, Курьянинова ВА и др. Коррекция недостаточности витамина D у детей раннего возраста в Российской Федерации (результаты исследования РОDНИЧОК-2). Consilium Medicum. Педиатрия (Прил.). 2017;(1):73–81. Режим доступа: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/korrektsiyanedostatochnosti-vitamina-d-u-detey-rannego-vozrasta-v-rossiyskoyfederatsii-rezultaty-issledovaniya-rodnichok-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharova IN, Klimov LYa, Maltcev SV, Malyavskaya SI, Gromova OA, Kuryaninova VA et al. Correction of vitamin D deficiency in young children in the Russian Federation (results of the RODNICHOK-2 study). Consilium Medicum. Pediatrics (Suppl.). 2017;(1):73–81. (In Russ.) Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/korrektsiya-nedostatochnosti-vitamina-du-detey-rannego-vozrasta-v-rossiyskoy-federatsii-rezultaty-issledovaniyarodnichok-2/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herrick KA, Storandt RJ, Afful J, Pfeiffer CM, Schleicher RL, Gahche JJ, Potischman N. Vitamin D status in the United States, 2011–2014. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;110(1):150–157. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herrick KA, Storandt RJ, Afful J, Pfeiffer CM, Schleicher RL, Gahche JJ, Potischman N. Vitamin D status in the United States, 2011–2014. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;110(1):150–157. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz037.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cashman KD, Sheehy T, O’Neill CM. Is vitamin D deficiency a public health concern for low middle income countries? A systematic literature review. Eur J Nutr. 2019;58(1):433–453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1607-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cashman KD, Sheehy T, O’Neill CM. Is vitamin D deficiency a public health concern for low middle income countries? A systematic literature review. Eur J Nutr. 2019;58(1):433–453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1607-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouillon R, Marcocci C, Carmeliet G, Bikle D, White JH, Dawson-Hughes B et al. Skeletal and Extraskeletal Actions of Vitamin D: Current Evidence and Outstanding Questions. Endocr Rev. 2019;40(4):1109–1151. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2018-00126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bouillon R, Marcocci C, Carmeliet G, Bikle D, White JH, Dawson-Hughes B et al. Skeletal and Extraskeletal Actions of Vitamin D: Current Evidence and Outstanding Questions. Endocr Rev. 2019;40(4):1109–1151. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2018-00126.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cashman KD. Global differences in vitamin D status and dietary intake: A review of the data. Endocr Connect. 2021;11(1):e210282. https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0282.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cashman KD. Global differences in vitamin D status and dietary intake: A review of the data. Endocr Connect. 2021;11(1):e210282. https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0282.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouillon R, Manousaki D, Rosen C, Trajanoska K, Rivadeneira F, Richards JB. The health effects of vitamin D supplementation: Evidence from human studies. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022;18(2):96–110. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00593-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bouillon R, Manousaki D, Rosen C, Trajanoska K, Rivadeneira F, Richards JB. The health effects of vitamin D supplementation: Evidence from human studies. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022;18(2):96–110. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00593-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Громова ОА, Торшин ИЮ, Захарова ИН, Малявская СИ, Егорова ЕЮ, Лиманова ОА, Семёнов ВА. Недостаточность витамина D и коморбидные состояния у детей 7-16 лет: интеллектуальный анализ данных. Качественная клиническая практика. 2017;(4):58–67. Режим доступа: https://www.clinvest.ru/jour/article/view/106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gromova OA, Torshin IYu, Zakharova IN, Malyavskaya SI, Egorova EYu, Limanova OA, Semyonov VA. Vitamin D deficiency and comorbid conditions in children 7-16 years of age: intelligent data analysis. Kachestvennaya Klinicheskaya Praktika. 2017;(4):58–67. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.clinvest.ru/jour/article/view/106.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grant WB, Al Anouti F, Boucher BJ, Dursun E, Gezen-Ak D, Jude EB et al. A Narrative Review of the Evidence for Variations in Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration Thresholds for Optimal Health. Nutrients. 2022;14(3):639. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030639.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grant WB, Al Anouti F, Boucher BJ, Dursun E, Gezen-Ak D, Jude EB et al. A Narrative Review of the Evidence for Variations in Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration Thresholds for Optimal Health. Nutrients. 2022;14(3):639. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030639.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dawson-Hughes B, Staten MA, Knowler WC, Nelson J, Vickery E.M, LeBlanc ES et al. Intratrial Exposure to Vitamin D and New-Onset Diabetes Among Adults With Prediabetes: A Secondary Analysis From the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) Study. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(12):2916–2922. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1765.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dawson-Hughes B, Staten MA, Knowler WC, Nelson J, Vickery E.M, LeBlanc ES et al. Intratrial Exposure to Vitamin D and New-Onset Diabetes Among Adults With Prediabetes: A Secondary Analysis From the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) Study. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(12):2916–2922. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1765.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Baggerly LL, Garland CF, Gorham ED et al. Breast cancer risk markedly lower with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations ≥60 vs &lt;20 ng/ml (150 vs 50 nmol/L): Pooled analysis of two randomized trials and a prospective cohort. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(6):e0199265. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199265.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Baggerly LL, Garland CF, Gorham ED et al. Breast cancer risk markedly lower with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations ≥60 vs &lt;20 ng/ml (150 vs 50 nmol/L): Pooled analysis of two randomized trials and a prospective cohort. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(6):e0199265. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199265.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lappe J, Watson P, Travers-Gustafson D, Recker R, Garland C, Gorham E et al. Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Cancer Incidence in Older Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017;317(12):1234–1243. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.2115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lappe J, Watson P, Travers-Gustafson D, Recker R, Garland C, Gorham E et al. Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Cancer Incidence in Older Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017;317(12):1234–1243. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.2115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pilz S, Marz W, Cashman KD, Kiely ME, Whiting SJ, Holick MF et al. Rationale and Plan for Vitamin D Food Fortification: A Review and Guidance Paper. Front Endocrinol. 2018;9:373. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00373.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pilz S, Marz W, Cashman KD, Kiely ME, Whiting SJ, Holick MF et al. Rationale and Plan for Vitamin D Food Fortification: A Review and Guidance Paper. Front Endocrinol. 2018;9:373. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00373.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adebayo FA, Itkonen ST, Ohman T, Kiely M, Cashman KD, Lamberg-Allardt C, On Behalf Of The Odin Consortium. Safety of Vitamin D Food Fortification and Supplementation: Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies. Foods. 2021;10(12):3065. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10123065.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adebayo FA, Itkonen ST, Ohman T, Kiely M, Cashman KD, Lamberg-Allardt C, On Behalf Of The Odin Consortium. Safety of Vitamin D Food Fortification and Supplementation: Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies. Foods. 2021;10(12):3065. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10123065.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zittermann A, Trummer C, Theiler-Schwetz V, Pilz S. Long-term supplementation with 3200 to 4000 IU of vitamin D daily and adverse events: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr. 2023;62(4):1833–1844. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03124-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zittermann A, Trummer C, Theiler-Schwetz V, Pilz S. Long-term supplementation with 3200 to 4000 IU of vitamin D daily and adverse events: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr. 2023;62(4):1833–1844. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03124-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazess RB, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B. Vitamin D: Bolus Is Bogus-A Narrative Review. JBMR Plus. 2021;5(12):e10567. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10567.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazess RB, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B. Vitamin D: Bolus Is Bogus-A Narrative Review. JBMR Plus. 2021;5(12):e10567. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10567.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cappellani D, Brancatella A, Morganti R, Borsari S, Baldinotti F, Caligo MA et al. Hypercalcemia due to CYP24A1 mutations: A systematic descriptive review. Eur J Endocrinol. 2021;186(2):137–149. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-21-0713.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cappellani D, Brancatella A, Morganti R, Borsari S, Baldinotti F, Caligo MA et al. Hypercalcemia due to CYP24A1 mutations: A systematic descriptive review. Eur J Endocrinol. 2021;186(2):137–149. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-21-0713.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demay MB, Pittas AG, Bikle DD, Diab DL, Kiely ME, Lazaretti-Castro M et al. Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024;109(8):1907–1947. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgae290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demay MB, Pittas AG, Bikle DD, Diab DL, Kiely ME, Lazaretti-Castro M et al. Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024;109(8):1907–1947. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgae290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grant CC, Stewart AW, Scragg R, Milne T, Rowden J, Ekeroma A et al. Vitamin D during pregnancy and infancy and infant serum 25-hydroxyvitamin concentration. Pediatrics. 2014;133(1):e143–e153. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-2602.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grant CC, Stewart AW, Scragg R, Milne T, Rowden J, Ekeroma A et al. Vitamin D during pregnancy and infancy and infant serum 25-hydroxyvitamin concentration. Pediatrics. 2014;133(1):e143–e153. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-2602.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tous M, Villalobos M, Iglesias L, Fernández-Barrés S, Arija V. Vitamin D status during pregnancy and offspring outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020;74(1):36–53. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0373-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tous M, Villalobos M, Iglesias L, Fernández-Barrés S, Arija V. Vitamin D status during pregnancy and offspring outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020;74(1):36–53. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0373-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong RS, Tung KTS, Mak RTW, Leung WC, Yam JC, Chua GT et al. Vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy and in cord blood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 2022;80(12):2225–2236. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuac023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong RS, Tung KTS, Mak RTW, Leung WC, Yam JC, Chua GT et al. Vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy and in cord blood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 2022;80(12):2225–2236. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuac023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thacher TD, Pludowski P, Shaw NJ, Mughal MZ, Munns CF, Högler W. Nutritional rickets in immigrant and refugee children. Public Health Rev. 2016;37:3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-016-0018-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thacher TD, Pludowski P, Shaw NJ, Mughal MZ, Munns CF, Högler W. Nutritional rickets in immigrant and refugee children. Public Health Rev. 2016;37:3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-016-0018-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cesur Y, Doğan M, Ariyuca S, Basaranoglu M, Bektas MS, Peker E et al. Evaluation of children with nutritional rickets. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2011;24(1-2):35–43. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem.2011.108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cesur Y, Doğan M, Ariyuca S, Basaranoglu M, Bektas MS, Peker E et al. Evaluation of children with nutritional rickets. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2011;24(1-2):35–43. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem.2011.108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y, Wang X, Blau DM, Caballero MT, Feikin DR, Gill CJ et al. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2022;399(10340):2047–2064. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00478-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Y, Wang X, Blau DM, Caballero MT, Feikin DR, Gill CJ et al. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2022;399(10340):2047–2064. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00478-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Боровик ТЭ, Громова ОА, Захарова ИН, Мальцев СВ, Мошетова ЛК, Намазова-Баранова ЛС и др. Недостаточность витамина D у детей и подростков Российской Федерации: современные подходы к коррекции: национальная программа. 2-е изд., испр. и доп. М.: ПедиатрЪ; 2021. 116 с. Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/slvvay.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Боровик ТЭ, Громова ОА, Захарова ИН, Мальцев СВ, Мошетова ЛК, Намазова-Баранова ЛС и др. Недостаточность витамина D у детей и подростков Российской Федерации: современные подходы к коррекции: национальная программа. 2-е изд., испр. и доп. М.: ПедиатрЪ; 2021. 116 с. Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/slvvay.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пигарова ЕА, Рожинская ЛЯ, Катамадзе НН, Поваляева АА, Трошина ЕА. Распространенность дефицита и недостаточности витамина D среди населения, проживающего в различных регионах Российской Федерации: результаты 1-го этапа многоцентрового поперечного рандомизированного исследования. Остеопороз и остеопатии. 2020;23(4):4–12. https://doi.org/10.14341/osteo12701.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pigarova EA, Rozhinskaya LY, Katamadze NN, Povaliaeva AA, Troshina EA. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in various regions of the Russian Federation: results of the first stage of the multicenter cross-sectional randomized study. Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2020;23(4):4–12. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14341/osteo12701.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коденцова ВМ, Рисник ДН. Факторы, влияющие на эффективность применения витамина D. Лечащий врач. 2024;27(5):62–70. https://doi.org/10.51793/OS.2024.27.5.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kodentsova VM, Risnik DN. Factors affecting the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation. Lechaschi Vrach. 2024;27(5):62–70. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.51793/OS.2024.27.5.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
