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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2024-506</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-8705</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БРОНХОПУЛЬМОНОЛОГИЯ И ОТОЛАРИНГОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BRONCHOPULMONOLOGY, OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные подходы к профилактике частых респираторных инфекций в детском возрасте</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern approaches to the prevention of frequent respiratory infections in childhood</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3621-8875</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельникова</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikova</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мельникова Ирина Михайловна - д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии №1.</p><p>150000, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina M. Melnikova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Department of Pediatrics No. 1.</p><p>5, Revolyucionnaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">imyar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0740-1718</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мизерницкий</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mizernitskiy</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мизерницкий Юрий Леонидович - д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный работник здравоохранения Российской Федерации, заведующий отделением хронических воспалительных и аллергических болезней легких, Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии и детской хирургии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева, профессор кафедры инновационной педиатрии и детской хирургии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования Института непрерывного образования и профессионального развития, РНИМУ имени Н.И. Пирогова;</p><p>125412, Москва, ул. Талдомская, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury L. Mizernitskiy - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honored Health Worker of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Chronic Inflammatory and Allergic Lung Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Professor of the Department of Innovative Paediatrics and Paediatric Surgery, Faculty of Continuing Professional Education of the Institute of Continuous Education and Professional Development, Pirogov RNRMU.</p><p>2, Taldomskaya St., Moscow, 125412</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yulmiz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии и детской хирургии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева Российского национального исследовательского медицинского университета имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>19</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мельникова И.М., Мизерницкий Ю.Л., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мельникова И.М., Мизерницкий Ю.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melnikova I.M., Mizernitskiy Y.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8705">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8705</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние десятилетия наблюдается значительный прогресс в области диагностики, профилактики и лечения острых респираторных вирусных инфекций (ОРВИ), в т. ч. гриппа. Авторы подытожили современные данные литературы в отношении клинической эффективности противовирусного и иммуномодулирующего препарата инозин пранобекс в профилактике и лечении частых повторных респираторных инфекций у детей. Результаты недавних исследований показали, что в период пандемии COVID-19 немедикаментозные ограничительные меры повлияли на типичные сезонные закономерности циркуляции различных респираторных вирусов, бактерий. Постоянный мониторинг этих вирусов необходим для принятия профилактических мер и улучшения прогнозирования, в частности для оптимизации использования противовирусных препаратов, особенно среди детей с частыми эпизодами ОРВИ, а также подверженных риску их тяжелого течения. Устойчивость к патогенам может быть достигнута путем специфической вакцинации (против гриппа, коклюшной, пневмококковой, гемофильной инфекции и др.), введения иммуноглобулинов, моноклональных антител (для профилактики инфекции, вызванной респираторно-синцитиальным вирусом (RSV)). Однако специфическая профилактика высокопатогенных и высоковирулентных вирусных инфекций (грипп, SARS-CoV-2) имеет свои ограничения ввиду высокой изменчивости этих вирусов. Поэтому направленность лечебных и профилактических мероприятий в отношении ОРВИ все более смещается в сторону неспецифической профилактики, основанной на применении безопасных и эффективных противовирусных препаратов, лекарственных средств, способных предупреждать развитие заболевания и одновременно влиять на его течение, обеспечивая благоприятный исход. Одним из препаратов выбора при профилактике и лечении ОРИ является инозин пранобекс, особенно у детей с отягощенным преморбидным фоном и в тех случаях, когда требуется комплексное противовирусное и иммуномодулирующее действие. При отсутствии эффекта от проводимых профилактических мероприятий в течение 3 мес. показано углубленное обследование ребенка в условиях поликлиники или стационара и индивидуальный подбор соответствующего лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent decades, there has been significant progress in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), including influenza. The authors summarized the current literature data regarding the clinical effectiveness of the antiviral and immunomodulatory drug inosine pranobex in the prevention and treatment of frequent recurrent respiratory infections in children. The results of recent studies have shown that during the COVID-19 pandemic, non-drug restrictive measures influenced the typical seasonal patterns of circulation of various respiratory viruses and bacteria. Continuous monitoring of these viruses is necessary to take preventive measures and improve forecasting, in particular, to optimize the use of antiviral drugs, especially among children with frequent episodes of SARS, as well as those at risk of their severe course. Resistance to pathogens can be achieved by specific vaccination (against influenza, pertussis, pneumococcal, hemophilic infection, etc.), the introduction of immunoglobulins, monoclonal antibodies (for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection). However, the specific prevention of highly pathogenic and highly virulent viral infections (influenza, SARS-CoV-2) has its limitations due to the high variability of these viruses. Therefore, the focus of therapeutic and preventive measures against ARVI is increasingly shifting towards non-specific prevention based on the use of safe and effective antiviral drugs, drugs that can prevent the development of the disease and at the same time affect its course, ensuring a favorable outcome. One of the drugs of choice in the prevention and treatment of ARI is inosine pranobex, especially in children with a burdened premorbid background and in cases where a complex antiviral and immunomodulatory action is required. In the absence of the effect of preventive measures for 3 months, an in-depth examination of the child in a polyclinic or hospital and an individual selection of appropriate treatment are shown.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>острые респираторные вирусные инфекции</kwd><kwd>инозин пранобекс</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>acute respiratory viral infections</kwd><kwd>inosine pranobex</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Геппе НА (ред.). Острые инфекции дыхательных путей у детей. Диагностика, лечение, профилактика. 3-е изд. М.: МедКом-Про; 2023. 348 с. Режим доступа: https://ph.medcompro.ru/product/ostrye-infekcii.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Геппе НА (ред.). 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