medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2024-396medsovet-8706Research ArticleБРОНХОПУЛЬМОНОЛОГИЯ И ОТОЛАРИНГОЛОГИЯBRONCHOPULMONOLOGY, OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGYОстрый кашель у детей раннего возраста в практике врача-педиатра первичного звенаAcute cough in young children in the practice of a primary care pediatricianhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3261-1143СафинаА. И.SafinaA. I.

Сафина Асия Ильдусовна - д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный врач Республики Татарстан, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии и неонатологии имени профессора Е.М. Лепского.

420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 36

Asiya I. Safina - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology named after Prof. E.M. Lepsky.

36, Butlerov St., Kazan, 420012

afina_asia@mail.ruКазанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал Российской медицинской академии непрерывного профессионального образованияРоссияKazan State Medical Academy – a branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional EducationRussian Federation2024251120240198893Copyright © Сафина А.И., 20242024Сафина А.И.Safina A.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8706

Острый кашель у детей является очень распространенной проблемой, особенно у детей раннего возраста. Примерно от 4,7 до 23,3% всех причин обращения к врачам первичного звена и до 60% всех консультаций связаны с проблемой кашля у детей. Кашель чаще встречается у детей дошкольного возраста, чем у детей старшего возраста. Самой частой причиной острого кашля у детей являются острые респираторно-вирусные инфекции / острый бронхит. Кашляют ≈75% от 0 до 4 лет, болеющих острыми респираторными инфекциями. Тактика врача-педиатра первичного звена – это оценка симптомов заболевания, вызывающего кашель. В пераую очередь исключить риск развития осложнений, например, таких как пневмония. У большинства детей с острым кашлем этиология связана с острой респираторно-вирусной инфекцией и требует только симптоматической терапии (например, жаропонижающих, питьевой режим и назальная ирригация солевыми растворами). Безрецептурные противокашлевые средства малоэффективны в лечении острого кашля и могут вызывать побочные эффекты, поэтому их следует осторожно назначать у детей до 2 лет. Большой интерес сегодня в педиатрии представляют лекарственные фитопрепараты, обладающие эффективностью и безопасностью в лечении острого кашля, например, препараты на основе Hedera helix L. (экстракта листьев плюща). Результаты Кокрановского обзора 2015 г. по анализу 71 рандомизированного клинического испытания использования фитотерапии (пеларгония, эхинацея, плющ, тимьян, первоцвет, эфирные масла, андрографис метельчатый и др.) в лечении кашля у детей с простудой, продемонстрировали убедительные доказательства эффективности препаратов на основе плюща в снижении частоты и тяжести симптомов кашля (ОР 1,40, ДИ 95% 1,23–1,60; p < 0,00001).

Acute cough in children is a very common problem, especially in young children. Approximately 4.7 to 23.3% of all causes for visiting primary care physicians and up to 60% of all consultations are related to cough in children. Cough is more common in preschool children than in older children. Acute respiratory viral infections/acute bronchitis is the most common cause of acute cough in children. About 75% of children aged 0 to 4 years with acute respiratory infections have a cough. The therapeutic approach of a primary care paediatrician is to assess the symptoms of the disease causing the cough. Infections that can cause complications, such as pneumonia, should be excluded. In most children with acute cough, the etiology is associated with an acute respiratory viral infection and only requires symptomatic therapy (antipyretics, fluid regimen, and nasal irrigation with saline solutions). Over-the-counter cough suppressants have shown to be ineffective in treating acute cough and can cause side effects, so they should be prescribed with caution in children under 2 years of age. Herbal medicines in paediatrics are agents of great interest today. They have proven efficacy and safety in the treatment of acute cough, for example, Hedera helix L.-based preparations (ivy leaf extract). The 2015 Cochrane review of 71 randomized clinical trials on herbal medicines (pelargonium, echinacea, ivy, thyme, primrose, essential oils, andrographis paniculata, etc.) used for the treatment of cough in children with colds, demonstrated substantial evidence of the effectiveness of ivy-based preparations in reducing the frequency and severity of cough symptoms (OR 1.40, CI 95% 1.23–1.60; p < 0.00001).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.