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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2024-375</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-8751</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ФАРМАКОТЕРАПИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Азитромицин - антибиотик и не только...</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Azithromycin: Antibiotic and not only...</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5028-5276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Визель</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vizel</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Визель Александр Андреевич - д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой фтизиопульмонологии.</p><p>420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49</p><p>Author ID: 195447</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Vizel - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head Department, Kazan State Medical University.</p><p>49, Butlerov St., Kazan, 420012</p><p>Author ID: 195447</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lordara@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-8177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Визель</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vizel</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Визель Ирина Юрьевна - д.м.н., профессор РАЕ, доцент кафедры фтизиопульмонологии.</p><p>420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49</p><p>Author ID: 246946</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Yu. Vizel - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of RAE, Associate Professor of the Department of Phthisiopulmonology, Kazan State Medical University.</p><p>49, Butlerov St., Kazan, 420012</p><p>Author ID: 246946</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatpulmo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6197-1600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Залилова</surname><given-names>А. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zalilova</surname><given-names>A. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Залилова Алина Шаукатовна - клинический ординатор кафедры фтизиопульмонологии.</p><p>420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina Sh. Zalilova - Clinical Resident of the Department of Phthisiopulmonology, Kazan State Medical University.</p><p>49, Butlerov St., Kazan, 420012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lisarises@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>20</issue><fpage>168</fpage><lpage>175</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Визель А.А., Визель И.Ю., Залилова А.Ш., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Визель А.А., Визель И.Ю., Залилова А.Ш.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vizel A.A., Vizel I.Y., Zalilova A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8751">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8751</self-uri><abstract><p>Антибактериальная терапия является обязательным компонентом лечения бактериальных респираторных инфекций. В последнее десятилетие отмечен рост устойчивости респираторных патогенов к разным классам антибиотиков. Целью данного обзора был анализ публикаций по азитромицину как макролиду, обладающему антибактериальными и неантибактериальными свойствами. Проводимые в мире исследования свидетельствуют о неоднородности как частоты применения азитромицина, так и резистентности к нему, но в целом происходит рост значений его минимальной ингибирующей концентрации в отношении возбудителей инфекций, при которых показано применение макролидов. К расширению клинического опыта применения этого азалида привела пандемия COVID-19, показавшая достаточную безопасность препарата. Однако последние большие ретроспективные исследования показали нецелесообразность его этиотропного применения при этой вирусной инфекции, ограничиваясь только доказанными случаями развития бактериальной пневмонии, вызванной патогенами, чувствительными к макролидам. Одним из путей оптимизации применения азитромицина является его совместное применение с другими препаратами, дающими синергизм в клинической эффективности. Важным свойством азитромицина, обеспечивающим его клиническую эффективность, является его способность влиять на воспалительные процессы в дыхательных путях, состояние респираторного эпителия. Противовоспалительные свойства азитромицина используются в разных областях медицины, включая травматологию, гинекологию и стоматологию. Клиническая эффективность антибиотиков определяется их рациональным применением, приверженностью пациентов и удобством лекарственной формы. В связи с этим ведутся работы по созданию удобных для приема внутрь форм, преодолению горького вкуса. В этом направлении достигнуты определенные успехи отечественных разработчиков по внедрению диспергируемой формы азитромицина.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Antibacterial therapy is an essential component of treatment for bacterial respiratory infections. The last decade has seen an increase in resistance of respiratory pathogens to different classes of antibiotics. The purpose of this review was to analyze publications on azithromycin, a macrolide with both antibacterial and non-antibacterial properties. Studies conducted worldwide indicate heterogeneity in both the frequency of azithromycin use and resistance to it, but in general, there is an increase in the values of its minimum inhibitory concentration against pathogens for which the use of macrolides is indicated. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an expansion of clinical experience with the use of this azalide, demonstrating sufficient safety of the drug. However, recent large retrospective studies have shown the inappropriateness of its etiotropic use in this viral infection, limiting it only to proven cases of bacterial pneumonia caused by pathogens sensitive to macrolides. One of the ways to optimize the use of azithromycin is its combined use with other drugs that provide synergy in clinical effectiveness. An important property of azithromycin, ensuring its clinical effectiveness, is its ability to affect inflammatory processes in the respiratory tract, the state of the respiratory epithelium. The anti-inflammatory properties of azithromycin are used in various fields of medicine, including traumatology, gynecology and dentistry. The clinical effectiveness of antibiotics is determined by their rational use, patient compliance and convenience of the dosage form. In this regard, work is underway to create forms convenient for oral administration, to overcome the bitter taste. In this direction, certain successes have been achieved by domestic developers in the introduction of a dispersible form of azithromycin.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>азитромицин</kwd><kwd>инфекции</kwd><kwd>неантибактериальные свойства</kwd><kwd>диспергируемые формы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>azithromycin</kwd><kwd>infections</kwd><kwd>non-antibacterial properties</kwd><kwd>dispersible forms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenwood D. Antimicrobial Drugs. Chronicle of a twentieth century medical triumph. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2008. 464 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenwood D. Antimicrobial Drugs. Chronicle of a twentieth century medical triumph. 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